{"attribution":{"name":"InterObservers Employer Desk","url":"https://interobservers.com/desk/"},"license":{"name":"CC BY 4.0","url":"https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/","applies_to":"The compilation: selection, structure, summaries and field names, by InterObservers Employer Desk.","official_sources":"Quoted statutes and agency text are reproduced verbatim from official government sources and remain the works of those governments. U.S. federal government works are in the public domain; state and local government material is quoted for reference with a link to the source.","attribution_required":"Credit \"InterObservers Employer Desk\" with a link to https://interobservers.com/desk/."},"disclaimer":"General information, not legal advice. Laws change; check the official source linked.","generated_at":"2026-09-28T20:24:32Z","api_version":"1.0.0","name":"Hiring laws: federal pre-employment inquiry rules and state hiring laws","page_url":"https://interobservers.com/desk/laws/illegal-interview-questions-by-state/","api_url":"https://interobservers.com/api/v1/hiring-laws.json","topics":{"salary_history":"Salary history questions","ban_the_box":"Criminal history on job applications (ban the box)","protected_classes":"Protected classes","pay_transparency":"Pay range in job postings"},"note":"Statewide laws only; city and county laws are not covered. A state topic without a verified record says no_verified_answer with the official place to check; it never means that the state has no law. no_such_state_law true means both official sources say explicitly that there is no such statewide rule.","counts":{"federal_verified":22,"state_records_verified":43,"state_topics_unanswered":161},"federal":[{"jurisdiction":"US","law_key":"pre_employment_inquiries","law_name":"EEOC guidance on pre-employment inquiries (general)","case":"general","rule":"The EEOC says that, as a general rule, information requested in the pre-employment process should be limited to what is essential to decide whether a person is qualified for the job, and that information about race, sex, national origin, age and religion is irrelevant to that decision.","requires":"Limit pre-employment questions to information needed to decide whether the applicant is qualified for the job.","covers":null,"scope":null,"employees_min":null,"effective":null,"classes":null,"no_such_state_law":false,"values":{},"single_source_classes":null,"in_law_words":false,"law":"EEOC: Prohibited Employment Policies/Practices, Pre-Employment Inquiries (General)","source_label":"EEOC: Prohibited Employment Policies/Practices, Pre-Employment Inquiries (General)","source_kind":"agency","source_url":"https://www.eeoc.gov/prohibited-employment-policiespractices","source_quote":"As a general rule, the information obtained and requested through the pre-employment process should be limited to those essential for determining if a person is qualified for the job; whereas, information regarding race, sex, national origin, age, and religion are irrelevant in such determinations.","second_source_url":"https://www.govinfo.gov/link/uscode/42/2000e-2?link-type=html","second_source_quote":"to fail or refuse to hire or to discharge any individual, or otherwise to discriminate against any individual with respect to his compensation, terms, conditions, or privileges of employment, because of such individual's race, color, religion, sex, or national origin","verified_at":"2026-09-28","status":"verified"},{"jurisdiction":"US","law_key":"pre_employment_inquiries","law_name":"EEOC: Pre-Employment Inquiries and Race","case":"race_color","rule":"The EEOC says employers should not request information that discloses or tends to disclose an applicant's race unless they have a legitimate business need for it (for example affirmative action or applicant-flow tracking, kept separate from the hiring decision).","requires":"Do not ask for information that reveals an applicant's race unless there is a legitimate business need; keep any such data separate from the hiring decision.","covers":null,"scope":null,"employees_min":null,"effective":null,"classes":null,"no_such_state_law":false,"values":{},"single_source_classes":null,"in_law_words":false,"law":"EEOC: Pre-Employment Inquiries and Race","source_label":"EEOC: Pre-Employment Inquiries and Race","source_kind":"agency","source_url":"https://www.eeoc.gov/pre-employment-inquiries-and-race","source_quote":"employers should not request information that discloses or tends to disclose an applicant's race unless it has a legitimate business need for such information","second_source_url":"https://www.govinfo.gov/link/uscode/42/2000e-2?link-type=html","second_source_quote":"to fail or refuse to hire or to discharge any individual, or otherwise to discriminate against any individual with respect to his compensation, terms, conditions, or privileges of employment, because of such individual's race, color, religion, sex, or national origin","verified_at":"2026-09-28","status":"verified"},{"jurisdiction":"US","law_key":"pre_employment_inquiries","law_name":"EEOC: Pre-Employment Inquiries and Religious Affiliation or Beliefs","case":"religion","rule":"The EEOC says questions about an applicant's religious affiliation or beliefs are generally viewed as non job-related and problematic under federal law, unless religion is a bona fide occupational qualification (BFOQ).","requires":"Avoid questions about religious affiliation or beliefs (such as place or days of worship, religious holidays, or references from religious leaders) unless religion is a BFOQ.","covers":null,"scope":null,"employees_min":null,"effective":null,"classes":null,"no_such_state_law":false,"values":{},"single_source_classes":null,"in_law_words":false,"law":"EEOC: Pre-Employment Inquiries and Religious Affiliation or Beliefs","source_label":"EEOC: Pre-Employment Inquiries and Religious Affiliation or Beliefs","source_kind":"agency","source_url":"https://www.eeoc.gov/pre-employment-inquiries-and-religious-affiliation-or-beliefs","source_quote":"Questions about an applicant's religious affiliation or beliefs (unless the religion is a bona fide occupational qualification (BFOQ)), are generally viewed as non job-related and problematic under federal law.","second_source_url":"https://www.govinfo.gov/link/uscode/42/2000e-2?link-type=html","second_source_quote":"to fail or refuse to hire or to discharge any individual, or otherwise to discriminate against any individual with respect to his compensation, terms, conditions, or privileges of employment, because of such individual's race, color, religion, sex, or national origin","verified_at":"2026-09-28","status":"verified"},{"jurisdiction":"US","law_key":"pre_employment_inquiries","law_name":"EEOC: Pre-Employment Inquiries and Gender","case":"sex_gender","rule":"The EEOC says questions about an applicant's sex (including sexual orientation, transgender status and pregnancy), marital status, pregnancy history, plans to have children, number or ages of children, child care, and name or address of spouse or children are generally viewed as not job-related and problematic under Title VII unless a defense or exception applies.","requires":"Avoid questions about sex, pregnancy, family plans, children, child care or spouse unless a defense or exception applies; never ask such questions of one sex only.","covers":null,"scope":null,"employees_min":null,"effective":null,"classes":null,"no_such_state_law":false,"values":{},"single_source_classes":null,"in_law_words":false,"law":"EEOC: Pre-Employment Inquiries and Gender","source_label":"EEOC: Pre-Employment Inquiries and Gender","source_kind":"agency","source_url":"https://www.eeoc.gov/pre-employment-inquiries-and-gender","source_quote":"Questions about an applicant's sex (including sexual orientation, transgender status, and pregnancy), marital status, medical history of pregnancy, future child bearing plans, number and/or ages of children or dependents, provisions for child care, abortions, birth control, ability to reproduce, and name or address of spouse or children are generally viewed as not job-related and problematic under Title VII unless a defense or exception applies.","second_source_url":"https://www.govinfo.gov/link/uscode/42/2000e-2?link-type=html","second_source_quote":"to fail or refuse to hire or to discharge any individual, or otherwise to discriminate against any individual with respect to his compensation, terms, conditions, or privileges of employment, because of such individual's race, color, religion, sex, or national origin","verified_at":"2026-09-28","status":"verified"},{"jurisdiction":"US","law_key":"pre_employment_inquiries","law_name":"EEOC: Pre-Employment Inquiries and Marital Status or Number of Children","case":"marital_status_children","rule":"The EEOC says employers generally should not use non job-related questions about marital status, number or ages of children or dependents, or names of spouses or children; such questions may be asked after an offer has been made and accepted if needed for insurance or other legitimate business purposes.","requires":"Do not ask about marital status, children or spouse before hiring; ask only after an offer is made and accepted, if needed for insurance or another legitimate business purpose.","covers":null,"scope":null,"employees_min":null,"effective":null,"classes":null,"no_such_state_law":false,"values":{},"single_source_classes":null,"in_law_words":false,"law":"EEOC: Pre-Employment Inquiries and Marital Status or Number of Children","source_label":"EEOC: Pre-Employment Inquiries and Marital Status or Number of Children","source_kind":"agency","source_url":"https://www.eeoc.gov/pre-employment-inquiries-and-marital-status-or-number-children","source_quote":"Generally, employers should not use non job-related questions involving marital status, number and/or ages of children or dependents, or names of spouses or children of the applicant. Such inquiries may be asked after an employment offer has been made and accepted if needed for insurance or other legitimate business purposes.","second_source_url":"https://www.govinfo.gov/link/uscode/42/2000e-2?link-type=html","second_source_quote":"to fail or refuse to hire or to discharge any individual, or otherwise to discriminate against any individual with respect to his compensation, terms, conditions, or privileges of employment, because of such individual's race, color, religion, sex, or national origin","verified_at":"2026-09-28","status":"verified"},{"jurisdiction":"US","law_key":"pre_employment_inquiries","law_name":"EEOC guidance on pre-employment inquiries (race, color, sex, national origin, religion, age)","case":"age","rule":"The EEOC says federal and state equal opportunity laws do not clearly forbid pre-employment questions that relate to age (or race, color, sex, national origin, religion), but such questions may be used as evidence of an employer's intent to discriminate unless they can be justified by some business purpose.","requires":"Avoid questions that reveal an applicant's age unless they are justified by a business purpose.","covers":null,"scope":null,"employees_min":null,"effective":null,"classes":null,"no_such_state_law":false,"values":{},"single_source_classes":null,"in_law_words":false,"law":"EEOC: Prohibited Employment Policies/Practices, Pre-Employment Inquiries (General)","source_label":"EEOC: Prohibited Employment Policies/Practices, Pre-Employment Inquiries (General)","source_kind":"agency","source_url":"https://www.eeoc.gov/prohibited-employment-policiespractices","source_quote":"Although state and federal equal opportunity laws do not clearly forbid employers from making pre-employment inquiries that relate to, or disproportionately screen out members based on race, color, sex, national origin, religion, or age, such inquiries may be used as evidence of an employer's intent to discriminate unless the questions asked can be justified by some business purpose.","second_source_url":"https://www.govinfo.gov/link/uscode/29/623?link-type=html","second_source_quote":"to fail or refuse to hire or to discharge any individual or otherwise discriminate against any individual with respect to his compensation, terms, conditions, or privileges of employment, because of such individual's age","verified_at":"2026-09-28","status":"verified"},{"jurisdiction":"US","law_key":"pre_employment_inquiries","law_name":"EEOC: Pre-Employment Inquiries and Disability","case":"disability","rule":"The EEOC says employers generally cannot ask disability-related questions or require medical examinations until after an applicant has been given a conditional job offer.","requires":"Do not ask disability-related questions or require a medical exam before a conditional job offer; before the offer you may ask limited questions about reasonable accommodation and whether the applicant can perform the job.","covers":null,"scope":null,"employees_min":null,"effective":null,"classes":null,"no_such_state_law":false,"values":{},"single_source_classes":null,"in_law_words":false,"law":"EEOC: Pre-Employment Inquiries and Disability","source_label":"EEOC: Pre-Employment Inquiries and Disability","source_kind":"agency","source_url":"https://www.eeoc.gov/pre-employment-inquiries-and-disability","source_quote":"Under the law, employers generally cannot ask disability-related questions or require medical examinations until after an applicant has been given a conditional job offer.","second_source_url":"https://www.ecfr.gov/api/renderer/v1/content/enhanced/current/title-29?part=1630&section=1630.13","second_source_quote":"Except as permitted by § 1630.14, it is unlawful for a covered entity to conduct a medical examination of an applicant or to make inquiries as to whether an applicant is an individual with a disability or as to the nature or severity of such disability.","verified_at":"2026-09-28","status":"verified"},{"jurisdiction":"US","law_key":"pre_employment_inquiries","law_name":"EEOC: Pre-Employment Inquiries and Medical Questions & Examinations","case":"medical_questions_exams","rule":"The EEOC says an employer may not ask a job applicant to answer medical questions or take a medical exam before making a job offer.","requires":"No medical questions or medical exams before a job offer; after an offer, only if all new employees in the same job must answer the same questions or take the same exam.","covers":null,"scope":null,"employees_min":null,"effective":null,"classes":null,"no_such_state_law":false,"values":{},"single_source_classes":null,"in_law_words":false,"law":"EEOC: Pre-Employment Inquiries and Medical Questions & Examinations","source_label":"EEOC: Pre-Employment Inquiries and Medical Questions & Examinations","source_kind":"agency","source_url":"https://www.eeoc.gov/pre-employment-inquiries-and-medical-questions-examinations","source_quote":"An employer also may not ask a job applicant to answer medical questions or take a medical exam before making a job offer.","second_source_url":"https://www.govinfo.gov/link/uscode/42/12112?link-type=html","second_source_quote":"a covered entity shall not conduct a medical examination or make inquiries of a job applicant as to whether such applicant is an individual with a disability or as to the nature or severity of such disability.","verified_at":"2026-09-28","status":"verified"},{"jurisdiction":"US","law_key":"pre_employment_inquiries","law_name":"EEOC: Genetic Information Discrimination (acquiring genetic information)","case":"genetic_information","rule":"The EEOC says Title II of GINA prohibits the use of genetic information in employment decisions and restricts employers from requesting, requiring or purchasing genetic information.","requires":"Do not request, require or purchase genetic information (including family medical history) about applicants or employees, except under the narrow exceptions in the law.","covers":null,"scope":null,"employees_min":null,"effective":null,"classes":null,"no_such_state_law":false,"values":{},"single_source_classes":null,"in_law_words":false,"law":"EEOC: Genetic Information Discrimination","source_label":"EEOC: Genetic Information Discrimination","source_kind":"agency","source_url":"https://www.eeoc.gov/genetic-information-discrimination","source_quote":"Title II of GINA prohibits the use of genetic information in making employment decisions, restricts employers and other entities covered by Title II (employment agencies, labor organizations and joint labor-management training and apprenticeship programs - referred to as \"covered entities\") from requesting, requiring or purchasing genetic information, and strictly limits the disclosure of genetic information.","second_source_url":"https://www.govinfo.gov/link/uscode/42/2000ff-1?link-type=html","second_source_quote":"It shall be an unlawful employment practice for an employer to request, require, or purchase genetic information with respect to an employee or a family member of the employee except","verified_at":"2026-09-27","status":"verified"},{"jurisdiction":"US","law_key":"pre_employment_inquiries","law_name":"EEOC: Pre-Employment Inquiries and Citizenship","case":"citizenship","rule":"The EEOC says most employers should not ask whether a job applicant is a United States citizen before making an offer of employment.","requires":"Do not ask about US citizenship before an offer (for most employers); verify work eligibility only after the offer is accepted.","covers":null,"scope":null,"employees_min":null,"effective":null,"classes":null,"no_such_state_law":false,"values":{},"single_source_classes":null,"in_law_words":false,"law":"EEOC: Pre-Employment Inquiries and Citizenship","source_label":"EEOC: Pre-Employment Inquiries and Citizenship","source_kind":"agency","source_url":"https://www.eeoc.gov/pre-employment-inquiries-and-citizenship","source_quote":"Most employers should not ask whether or not a job applicant is a United States citizen before making an offer of employment.","second_source_url":"https://www.govinfo.gov/link/uscode/8/1324b?link-type=html","second_source_quote":"It is an unfair immigration-related employment practice for a person or other entity to discriminate against any individual","verified_at":"2026-09-28","status":"verified"},{"jurisdiction":"US","law_key":"pre_employment_inquiries","law_name":"EEOC: Arrest and conviction records (arrests)","case":"arrest_records","rule":"The EEOC says an employer cannot refuse to hire people simply because they have been arrested, although it can explore the conduct leading to the arrest.","requires":"Do not reject an applicant just because of an arrest; you may ask about the conduct behind it and decide on that basis.","covers":null,"scope":null,"employees_min":null,"effective":null,"classes":null,"no_such_state_law":false,"values":{},"single_source_classes":null,"in_law_words":false,"law":"EEOC: Arrest and Conviction Records (resources page)","source_label":"EEOC: Arrest and Conviction Records (resources page)","source_kind":"agency","source_url":"https://www.eeoc.gov/pre-employment-inquiries-and-arrest-conviction","source_quote":"An employer cannot refuse to hire people simply because they have been arrested.","second_source_url":"https://www.govinfo.gov/link/uscode/42/2000e-2?link-type=html","second_source_quote":"a complaining party demonstrates that a respondent uses a particular employment practice that causes a disparate impact on the basis of race, color, religion, sex, or national origin and the respondent fails to demonstrate that the challenged practice is job related for the position in question and consistent with business necessity","verified_at":"2026-09-28","status":"verified"},{"jurisdiction":"US","law_key":"pre_employment_inquiries","law_name":"EEOC: Arrest and conviction records (convictions)","case":"conviction_records","rule":"The EEOC says employers can consider criminal records when they make the final hiring decision, but cannot treat people differently because of race or national origin, and a policy that rejects everyone with a conviction is likely discriminatory.","requires":"You may consider convictions at the final hiring decision, applied equally and assessed for relevance to the job (time passed, nature of the offense, nature of the job).","covers":null,"scope":null,"employees_min":null,"effective":null,"classes":null,"no_such_state_law":false,"values":{},"single_source_classes":null,"in_law_words":false,"law":"EEOC: Arrest and Conviction Records (resources page)","source_label":"EEOC: Arrest and Conviction Records (resources page)","source_kind":"agency","source_url":"https://www.eeoc.gov/pre-employment-inquiries-and-arrest-conviction","source_quote":"Employers can consider criminal records when they make the final decision about hiring. But employers cannot treat people differently because of their race or national origin.","second_source_url":"https://www.govinfo.gov/link/uscode/42/2000e-2?link-type=html","second_source_quote":"to fail or refuse to hire or to discharge any individual, or otherwise to discriminate against any individual with respect to his compensation, terms, conditions, or privileges of employment, because of such individual's race, color, religion, sex, or national origin","verified_at":"2026-09-28","status":"verified"},{"jurisdiction":"US","law_key":"pre_employment_inquiries","law_name":"EEOC: Pre-Employment Inquiries and Height & Weight","case":"height_weight","rule":"The EEOC says height and weight requirements tend to disproportionately limit some protected groups and may be viewed as illegal unless job-related; unless job-related, questions about height and weight should be avoided.","requires":"Avoid questions about height and weight unless they are related to the job.","covers":null,"scope":null,"employees_min":null,"effective":null,"classes":null,"no_such_state_law":false,"values":{},"single_source_classes":null,"in_law_words":false,"law":"EEOC: Pre-Employment Inquiries and Height & Weight","source_label":"EEOC: Pre-Employment Inquiries and Height & Weight","source_kind":"agency","source_url":"https://www.eeoc.gov/pre-employment-inquiries-and-height-weight","source_quote":"Therefore, unless job-related, inquiries about height and weight should be avoided.","second_source_url":"https://www.govinfo.gov/link/uscode/42/2000e-2?link-type=html","second_source_quote":"a complaining party demonstrates that a respondent uses a particular employment practice that causes a disparate impact on the basis of race, color, religion, sex, or national origin and the respondent fails to demonstrate that the challenged practice is job related for the position in question and consistent with business necessity","verified_at":"2026-09-28","status":"verified"},{"jurisdiction":"US","law_key":"pre_employment_inquiries","law_name":"EEOC: Pre-Employment Inquiries and Financial Information","case":"financial_information","rule":"The EEOC says federal law does not prevent employers from asking about financial information, but federal EEO laws prohibit illegal discrimination when using it to make employment decisions.","requires":"You may ask, but apply any financial requirement equally, only if it helps identify reliable employees, and follow the Fair Credit Reporting Act for background checks.","covers":null,"scope":null,"employees_min":null,"effective":null,"classes":null,"no_such_state_law":false,"values":{},"single_source_classes":null,"in_law_words":false,"law":"EEOC: Pre-Employment Inquiries and Financial Information","source_label":"EEOC: Pre-Employment Inquiries and Financial Information","source_kind":"agency","source_url":"https://www.eeoc.gov/pre-employment-inquiries-and-financial-information","source_quote":"Federal law does not prevent employers from asking about your financial information. But, the federal EEO laws do prohibit employers from illegally discriminating when using financial information to make employment decisions.","second_source_url":"https://www.govinfo.gov/link/uscode/42/2000e-2?link-type=html","second_source_quote":"a complaining party demonstrates that a respondent uses a particular employment practice that causes a disparate impact on the basis of race, color, religion, sex, or national origin and the respondent fails to demonstrate that the challenged practice is job related for the position in question and consistent with business necessity","verified_at":"2026-09-28","status":"verified"},{"jurisdiction":"US","law_key":"pre_employment_inquiries","law_name":"EEOC: Pre-Employment Inquiries and Unemployed Status","case":"unemployed_status","rule":"The EEOC says federal law does not prevent employers from asking about unemployed status, but federal EEO laws prohibit using this information to discriminate.","requires":"You may ask about gaps in employment, but any policy based on unemployed status must be applied consistently and must not screen out protected groups without a job-related reason.","covers":null,"scope":null,"employees_min":null,"effective":null,"classes":null,"no_such_state_law":false,"values":{},"single_source_classes":null,"in_law_words":false,"law":"EEOC: Pre-Employment Inquiries and Unemployed Status","source_label":"EEOC: Pre-Employment Inquiries and Unemployed Status","source_kind":"agency","source_url":"https://www.eeoc.gov/pre-employment-inquiries-and-unemployed-status","source_quote":"Federal law does not prevent employers from asking about unemployed status, but the federal EEO laws do prohibit using this information to discriminate.","second_source_url":"https://www.govinfo.gov/link/uscode/42/2000e-2?link-type=html","second_source_quote":"a complaining party demonstrates that a respondent uses a particular employment practice that causes a disparate impact on the basis of race, color, religion, sex, or national origin and the respondent fails to demonstrate that the challenged practice is job related for the position in question and consistent with business necessity","verified_at":"2026-09-28","status":"verified"},{"jurisdiction":"US","law_key":"protected_classes","law_name":"Title VII of the Civil Rights Act of 1964","case":"title_vii","rule":"Title VII makes it unlawful for an employer to refuse to hire, discharge or otherwise discriminate because of race, color, religion, sex or national origin.","requires":"Do not base hiring or other employment decisions on these characteristics.","covers":null,"scope":null,"employees_min":null,"effective":null,"classes":["race","color","religion","sex","national origin"],"no_such_state_law":false,"values":{},"single_source_classes":[],"in_law_words":true,"law":"42 U.S.C. 2000e-2(a)(1) (Title VII)","source_label":"42 U.S.C. 2000e-2(a)(1)","source_kind":"statute","source_url":"https://www.govinfo.gov/link/uscode/42/2000e-2?link-type=html","source_quote":"to fail or refuse to hire or to discharge any individual, or otherwise to discriminate against any individual with respect to his compensation, terms, conditions, or privileges of employment, because of such individual's race, color, religion, sex, or national origin","second_source_url":"https://www.eeoc.gov/prohibited-employment-policiespractices","second_source_quote":"it is illegal to discriminate against someone (applicant or employee) because of that person's race, color, religion, sex (including transgender status, sexual orientation, and pregnancy), national origin, age (40 or older), disability or genetic information","verified_at":"2026-09-28","status":"verified"},{"jurisdiction":"US","law_key":"protected_classes","law_name":"Age Discrimination in Employment Act (ADEA)","case":"adea","rule":"The ADEA prohibits age discrimination in hiring and employment, limited to individuals who are at least 40 years of age.","requires":"Do not base hiring or other employment decisions on these characteristics.","covers":null,"scope":null,"employees_min":null,"effective":null,"classes":["age"],"no_such_state_law":false,"values":{"age_min":40},"single_source_classes":[],"in_law_words":true,"law":"29 U.S.C. 631(a) (ADEA)","source_label":"29 U.S.C. 631(a)","source_kind":"statute","source_url":"https://www.govinfo.gov/link/uscode/29/631?link-type=html","source_quote":"The prohibitions in this chapter shall be limited to individuals who are at least 40 years of age.","second_source_url":"https://www.eeoc.gov/prohibited-employment-policiespractices","second_source_quote":"it is illegal to discriminate against someone (applicant or employee) because of that person's race, color, religion, sex (including transgender status, sexual orientation, and pregnancy), national origin, age (40 or older), disability or genetic information","verified_at":"2026-09-28","status":"verified"},{"jurisdiction":"US","law_key":"protected_classes","law_name":"Americans with Disabilities Act (ADA), Title I","case":"ada","rule":"The ADA prohibits discrimination against a qualified individual on the basis of disability, including in job application procedures and hiring.","requires":"Do not base hiring or other employment decisions on these characteristics.","covers":null,"scope":null,"employees_min":null,"effective":null,"classes":["disability"],"no_such_state_law":false,"values":{},"single_source_classes":[],"in_law_words":true,"law":"42 U.S.C. 12112(a) (ADA)","source_label":"42 U.S.C. 12112(a)","source_kind":"statute","source_url":"https://www.govinfo.gov/link/uscode/42/12112?link-type=html","source_quote":"No covered entity shall discriminate against a qualified individual on the basis of disability in regard to job application procedures, the hiring, advancement, or discharge of employees, employee compensation, job training, and other terms, conditions, and privileges of employment.","second_source_url":"https://www.eeoc.gov/prohibited-employment-policiespractices","second_source_quote":"it is illegal to discriminate against someone (applicant or employee) because of that person's race, color, religion, sex (including transgender status, sexual orientation, and pregnancy), national origin, age (40 or older), disability or genetic information","verified_at":"2026-09-28","status":"verified"},{"jurisdiction":"US","law_key":"protected_classes","law_name":"Genetic Information Nondiscrimination Act (GINA), Title II","case":"gina","rule":"GINA makes it unlawful for an employer to refuse to hire, discharge or otherwise discriminate because of genetic information.","requires":"Do not base hiring or other employment decisions on these characteristics.","covers":null,"scope":null,"employees_min":null,"effective":null,"classes":["genetic information"],"no_such_state_law":false,"values":{},"single_source_classes":[],"in_law_words":true,"law":"42 U.S.C. 2000ff-1(a)(1) (GINA)","source_label":"42 U.S.C. 2000ff-1(a)(1)","source_kind":"statute","source_url":"https://www.govinfo.gov/link/uscode/42/2000ff-1?link-type=html","source_quote":"to fail or refuse to hire, or to discharge, any employee, or otherwise to discriminate against any employee with respect to the compensation, terms, conditions, or privileges of employment of the employee, because of genetic information with respect to the employee","second_source_url":"https://www.eeoc.gov/prohibited-employment-policiespractices","second_source_quote":"it is illegal to discriminate against someone (applicant or employee) because of that person's race, color, religion, sex (including transgender status, sexual orientation, and pregnancy), national origin, age (40 or older), disability or genetic information","verified_at":"2026-09-28","status":"verified"},{"jurisdiction":"US","law_key":"protected_classes","law_name":"Pregnant Workers Fairness Act (PWFA)","case":"pwfa","rule":"The PWFA requires covered employers to make reasonable accommodations to the known limitations related to pregnancy, childbirth, or related medical conditions of a qualified employee, unless the accommodation would impose an undue hardship.","requires":"Provide reasonable accommodation for known limitations related to pregnancy, childbirth, or related medical conditions unless it would cause undue hardship.","covers":null,"scope":null,"employees_min":null,"effective":null,"classes":["pregnancy, childbirth, or related medical conditions"],"no_such_state_law":false,"values":{},"single_source_classes":[],"in_law_words":true,"law":"42 U.S.C. 2000gg-1(1) (PWFA)","source_label":"42 U.S.C. 2000gg-1(1)","source_kind":"statute","source_url":"https://www.govinfo.gov/link/uscode/42/2000gg-1?link-type=html","source_quote":"not make reasonable accommodations to the known limitations related to the pregnancy, childbirth, or related medical conditions of a qualified employee, unless such covered entity can demonstrate that the accommodation would impose an undue hardship on the operation of the business of such covered entity","second_source_url":"https://www.eeoc.gov/wysk/what-you-should-know-about-pregnant-workers-fairness-act","second_source_quote":"Generally, the Pregnant Workers Fairness Act (PWFA) requires a covered employer to provide a “reasonable accommodation” to a qualified employee’s or applicant’s known limitations related to, affected by, or arising out of pregnancy, childbirth, or related medical conditions, unless the accommodation will cause the employer an “undue 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job offer.","verified_at":"2026-09-28","status":"verified"},{"jurisdiction":"US","law_key":"ban_the_box","law_name":"Fair Chance to Compete for Jobs Act of 2019 (federal agencies)","case":"federal_agencies","rule":"An employee of a federal agency may not request, orally or in writing (including through OPM Optional Form 306 or USAJOBS), that an applicant for a civil service position disclose criminal history record information before the appointing authority extends a conditional offer.","requires":"No criminal history questions, oral or written, before a conditional offer, except for positions where the law otherwise requires it or positions exempted by OPM rules.","covers":"Federal agencies, for applicants to positions in the civil service.","scope":"Federal agencies, for applicants to positions in the civil service.","employees_min":null,"effective":null,"classes":null,"no_such_state_law":false,"values":{},"single_source_classes":null,"in_law_words":true,"law":"5 U.S.C. 9202(a)","source_label":"5 U.S.C. 9202(a)","source_kind":"statute","source_url":"https://www.govinfo.gov/link/uscode/5/9202?link-type=html","source_quote":"an employee of an agency may not request, in oral or written form (including through the Declaration for Federal Employment (Office of Personnel Management Optional Form 306) or any similar successor form, the USAJOBS internet website, or any other electronic means) that an applicant for an appointment to a position in the civil service disclose criminal history record information regarding the applicant before the appointing authority extends a conditional offer to the applicant.","second_source_url":"https://www.ecfr.gov/api/renderer/v1/content/enhanced/current/title-5?part=920","second_source_quote":"An agency employee may not request, orally or in writing, information about an applicant's criminal history prior to making a conditional offer of employment to that applicant unless the position is exempted or excepted in accordance with § 920.201(b).","verified_at":"2026-09-28","status":"verified"}],"states":[{"state":"AL","name":"Alabama","rulebook_url":"https://interobservers.com/desk/states/alabama/","topics":{"salary_history":[{"jurisdiction":"AL","law_key":"salary_history","status":"no_verified_answer","message":"No verified answer. Check the official source.","check_url":"https://www.dol.gov/agencies/whd/state/contacts"}],"ban_the_box":[{"jurisdiction":"AL","law_key":"ban_the_box","status":"no_verified_answer","message":"No verified answer. Check the official source.","check_url":"https://www.dol.gov/agencies/whd/state/contacts"}],"protected_classes":[{"jurisdiction":"AL","law_key":"protected_classes","status":"no_verified_answer","message":"No verified answer. Check the official source.","check_url":"https://www.dol.gov/agencies/whd/state/contacts"}],"pay_transparency":[{"jurisdiction":"AL","law_key":"pay_transparency","status":"no_verified_answer","message":"No verified answer. Check the official source.","check_url":"https://www.dol.gov/agencies/whd/state/contacts"}]}},{"state":"AK","name":"Alaska","rulebook_url":"https://interobservers.com/desk/states/alaska/","topics":{"salary_history":[{"jurisdiction":"AK","law_key":"salary_history","status":"no_verified_answer","message":"No verified answer. 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Check the official source.","check_url":"https://www.dol.gov/agencies/whd/state/contacts"}],"protected_classes":[{"jurisdiction":"AK","law_key":"protected_classes","law_name":"Alaska Human Rights Law, AS 18.80.220(a)(1)","case":"statewide","rule":"Alaska employers may not refuse employment, bar from employment or discriminate in compensation or terms of employment because of race, religion, color or national origin, or because of age, physical or mental disability, sex, marital status, changes in marital status, pregnancy or parenthood when the reasonable demands of the position do not require that distinction.","requires":null,"covers":null,"scope":null,"employees_min":null,"effective":null,"classes":["race","religion","color","national origin","age","physical or mental disability","sex","marital status","changes in marital status","pregnancy","parenthood"],"no_such_state_law":false,"values":{},"single_source_classes":[],"in_law_words":true,"law":"AS 18.80.220(a)(1)","source_label":"AS 18.80.220(a)(1)","source_kind":"statute","source_url":"https://www.akleg.gov/basis/statutes.asp?media=print&secStart=18.80.220&secEnd=18.80.220","source_quote":"because of the person's race, religion, color, or national origin, or because of the person's age, physical or mental disability, sex, marital status, changes in marital status, pregnancy, or parenthood when the reasonable demands of the position do not require distinction on the basis of age, physical or mental disability, sex, marital status, changes in marital status, pregnancy, or parenthood","second_source_url":"https://www.govinfo.gov/content/pkg/USCOURTS-akd-1_19-cv-00016/pdf/USCOURTS-akd-1_19-cv-00016-0.pdf","second_source_quote":"because of the person’s race, religion, color, or national origin, or because of the person’s age, physical or mental disability, sex, marital status, changes in marital status, pregnancy, or parenthood","verified_at":"2026-09-28","status":"verified"}],"pay_transparency":[{"jurisdiction":"AK","law_key":"pay_transparency","status":"no_verified_answer","message":"No verified answer. Check the official source.","check_url":"https://www.dol.gov/agencies/whd/state/contacts"}]}},{"state":"AZ","name":"Arizona","rulebook_url":"https://interobservers.com/desk/states/arizona/","topics":{"salary_history":[{"jurisdiction":"AZ","law_key":"salary_history","status":"no_verified_answer","message":"No verified answer. Check the official source.","check_url":"https://www.dol.gov/agencies/whd/state/contacts"}],"ban_the_box":[{"jurisdiction":"AZ","law_key":"ban_the_box","status":"no_verified_answer","message":"No verified answer. Check the official source.","check_url":"https://www.dol.gov/agencies/whd/state/contacts"}],"protected_classes":[{"jurisdiction":"AZ","law_key":"protected_classes","law_name":"Arizona Civil Rights Act, A.R.S. 41-1463(B)(1)","case":"statewide","rule":"Arizona employers may not fail or refuse to hire, discharge or otherwise discriminate against an individual in compensation or terms, conditions or privileges of employment because of race, color, religion, sex, age or national origin or on the basis of disability.","requires":null,"covers":null,"scope":null,"employees_min":null,"effective":null,"classes":["race","color","religion","sex","age","national origin","disability"],"no_such_state_law":false,"values":{},"single_source_classes":[],"in_law_words":true,"law":"A.R.S. 41-1463(B)(1)","source_label":"A.R.S. 41-1463(B)(1)","source_kind":"statute","source_url":"https://www.azleg.gov/ars/41/01463.htm","source_quote":"To fail or refuse to hire or to discharge any individual or otherwise to discriminate against any individual with respect to the individual's compensation, terms, conditions or privileges of employment because of the individual's race, color, religion, sex, age or national origin or on the basis of disability.","second_source_url":"https://www.azag.gov/sites/default/files/publications/2024-10/Pre-Employment_Inquiries.pdf","second_source_quote":"inquiries based on an applicant’s race, color, religion, sex, age, disability or national origin","verified_at":"2026-09-27","status":"verified"}],"pay_transparency":[{"jurisdiction":"AZ","law_key":"pay_transparency","status":"no_verified_answer","message":"No verified answer. Check the official source.","check_url":"https://www.dol.gov/agencies/whd/state/contacts"}]}},{"state":"AR","name":"Arkansas","rulebook_url":"https://interobservers.com/desk/states/arkansas/","topics":{"salary_history":[{"jurisdiction":"AR","law_key":"salary_history","status":"no_verified_answer","message":"No verified answer. Check the official source.","check_url":"https://www.dol.gov/agencies/whd/state/contacts"}],"ban_the_box":[{"jurisdiction":"AR","law_key":"ban_the_box","status":"no_verified_answer","message":"No verified answer. Check the official source.","check_url":"https://www.dol.gov/agencies/whd/state/contacts"}],"protected_classes":[{"jurisdiction":"AR","law_key":"protected_classes","status":"no_verified_answer","message":"No verified answer. Check the official source.","check_url":"https://arkleg.state.ar.us/Acts/FTPDocument?path=%2FACTS%2F1993%2FPublic%2F&file=962.pdf&ddBienniumSession=1993%2FR"}],"pay_transparency":[{"jurisdiction":"AR","law_key":"pay_transparency","status":"no_verified_answer","message":"No verified answer. Check the official source.","check_url":"https://www.dol.gov/agencies/whd/state/contacts"}]}},{"state":"CA","name":"California","rulebook_url":"https://interobservers.com/desk/states/california/","topics":{"salary_history":[{"jurisdiction":"CA","law_key":"salary_history","law_name":"California Labor Code 432.3(a)-(b) (salary history ban)","case":"private_employers","rule":"California employers may not seek salary history information, including compensation and benefits, about an applicant, orally or in writing, personally or through an agent, and may not rely on it in deciding whether to offer employment or what salary to offer.","requires":"Do not seek salary history information (including compensation and benefits) from an applicant, and do not rely on it to decide whether to hire or what salary to offer","covers":"Employers.","scope":"Employers.","employees_min":null,"effective":null,"classes":null,"no_such_state_law":false,"values":{},"single_source_classes":null,"in_law_words":true,"law":"Cal. 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Code 12952(a)","source_kind":"statute","source_url":"https://leginfo.legislature.ca.gov/faces/codes_displaySection.xhtml?lawCode=GOV&sectionNum=12952","source_quote":"(a) Except as provided in subdivision (d), it is an unlawful employment practice for an employer with five or more employees to do any of the following: (1) To include on any application for employment, before the employer makes a conditional offer of employment to the applicant, any question that seeks the disclosure of an applicant’s conviction history.","second_source_url":"https://www.govinfo.gov/content/pkg/USCOURTS-caed-2_20-cv-02361/pdf/USCOURTS-caed-2_20-cv-02361-1.pdf","second_source_quote":"into an applicant’s conviction history until after a conditional offer of employment has been","verified_at":"2026-09-28","status":"verified"}],"protected_classes":[{"jurisdiction":"CA","law_key":"protected_classes","law_name":"California Fair Employment and Housing Act, Gov. 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Code 12940(a)","source_kind":"statute","source_url":"https://leginfo.legislature.ca.gov/faces/codes_displaySection.xhtml?lawCode=GOV&sectionNum=12940.","source_quote":"For an employer, because of the race, religious creed, color, national origin, ancestry, physical disability, mental disability, reproductive health decisionmaking, medical condition, genetic information, marital status, sex, gender, gender identity, gender expression, age, sexual orientation, or veteran or military status of any person, to refuse to hire or employ the person","second_source_url":"https://www.govinfo.gov/content/pkg/USCOURTS-cand-3_24-cv-01203/pdf/USCOURTS-cand-3_24-cv-01203-0.pdf","second_source_quote":"religious creed, color, national origin, ancestry, physical disability, mental disability, reproductive health decisionmaking, medical condition, genetic information, marital status, sex, gender, gender identity, gender expression, age, sexual orientation, or veteran or military status","verified_at":"2026-09-28","status":"verified"}],"pay_transparency":[{"jurisdiction":"CA","law_key":"pay_transparency","law_name":"California Labor Code 432.3(c) (pay scale disclosure)","case":"job_postings","rule":"California employers with 15 or more employees must include the pay scale for a position in any job posting; any employer must provide the pay scale to an applicant upon reasonable request.","requires":"Include the pay scale for the position in any job posting (employers with 15 or more employees); provide the pay scale to an applicant upon reasonable request","covers":"Employers with 15 or more employees for job postings, and any employer for the pay scale on request.","scope":"Employers with 15 or more employees for job postings, and any employer for the pay scale on request.","employees_min":15,"effective":null,"classes":null,"no_such_state_law":false,"values":{"employees":15},"single_source_classes":null,"in_law_words":true,"law":"Cal. 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Check the official source.","check_url":"https://www.cga.ct.gov/current/pub/chap_557.htm"}],"ban_the_box":[{"jurisdiction":"CT","law_key":"ban_the_box","law_name":"Conn. Gen. Stat. 31-51i(b), employer inquiries about criminal records","case":"private_employers","rule":"Connecticut employers may not ask about a prospective employee's prior arrests, criminal charges or convictions on an initial employment application, unless required by state or federal law or a security or fidelity bond is required for the position.","requires":"No inquiry about prior arrests, criminal charges or convictions on an initial employment application (exceptions: required by state or federal law, or a security or fidelity bond required for the position)","covers":"Employers with one or more employees, including the state and its political subdivisions.","scope":"Employers with one or more employees, including the state and its political subdivisions.","employees_min":null,"effective":null,"classes":null,"no_such_state_law":false,"values":{},"single_source_classes":null,"in_law_words":true,"law":"Conn. Gen. Stat. 31-51i(b)","source_label":"Conn. Gen. Stat. 31-51i(b)","source_kind":"statute","source_url":"https://www.cga.ct.gov/current/pub/chap_557.htm","source_quote":"(b) No employer shall inquire about a prospective employee's prior arrests, criminal charges or convictions on an initial employment application, unless (1) the employer is required to do so by an applicable state or federal law, or (2) a security or fidelity bond or an equivalent bond is required for the position for which the prospective employee is seeking employment.","second_source_url":"https://www.govinfo.gov/content/pkg/USCOURTS-ctd-3_20-cv-00018/pdf/USCOURTS-ctd-3_20-cv-00018-0.pdf","second_source_quote":"arrests, criminal charges or convictions on an initial employment application.” Conn. Gen. Stat. Ann.","verified_at":"2026-09-28","status":"verified"}],"protected_classes":[{"jurisdiction":"CT","law_key":"protected_classes","law_name":"Connecticut Fair Employment Practices Act, C.G.S. 46a-60(b)(1)","case":"statewide","rule":"Connecticut employers may not refuse to hire or employ, bar or discharge an individual, or discriminate in compensation or terms, conditions or privileges of employment, because of any of the listed characteristics, except for a bona fide occupational qualification or need.","requires":null,"covers":null,"scope":null,"employees_min":null,"effective":null,"classes":["race","color","religious creed","age","sex","gender identity or expression","marital status","national origin","ancestry","present or past history of mental disability","intellectual disability","learning disability","physical disability","status as a veteran","status as a victim of domestic violence"],"no_such_state_law":false,"values":{},"single_source_classes":["status as a veteran","status as a victim of domestic violence"],"in_law_words":true,"law":"C.G.S. 46a-60(b)(1)","source_label":"C.G.S. 46a-60(b)(1)","source_kind":"statute","source_url":"https://www.cga.ct.gov/current/pub/chap_814c.htm","source_quote":"because of the individual's race, color, religious creed, age, sex, gender identity or expression, marital status, national origin, ancestry, present or past history of mental disability, intellectual disability, learning disability, physical disability, including, but not limited to, blindness, status as a veteran or status as a victim of domestic violence","second_source_url":"https://www.govinfo.gov/content/pkg/USCOURTS-ctd-3_24-cv-02037/pdf/USCOURTS-ctd-3_24-cv-02037-0.pdf","second_source_quote":"because of the individual's race, color, religious creed, age, sex, gender identity or expression, marital status, national origin, ancestry, present or past history of mental disability, intellectual disability, learning disability, [or] physical disability.","verified_at":"2026-09-28","status":"verified"}],"pay_transparency":[{"jurisdiction":"CT","law_key":"pay_transparency","status":"no_verified_answer","message":"No verified answer. Check the official source.","check_url":"https://www.cga.ct.gov/current/pub/chap_557.htm"}]}},{"state":"DE","name":"Delaware","rulebook_url":"https://interobservers.com/desk/states/delaware/","topics":{"salary_history":[{"jurisdiction":"DE","law_key":"salary_history","status":"no_verified_answer","message":"No verified answer. Check the official source.","check_url":"https://delcode.delaware.gov/title19/c007/sc01/index.html"}],"ban_the_box":[{"jurisdiction":"DE","law_key":"ban_the_box","status":"no_verified_answer","message":"No verified answer. Check the official source.","check_url":"https://delcode.delaware.gov/title19/c007/sc02/index.html"}],"protected_classes":[{"jurisdiction":"DE","law_key":"protected_classes","law_name":"Delaware Discrimination in Employment Act, 19 Del. C. 711(a)(1)","case":"statewide","rule":"Delaware employers may not fail or refuse to hire, discharge, or otherwise discriminate in compensation or terms, conditions or privileges of employment because of any of the listed characteristics.","requires":null,"covers":null,"scope":null,"employees_min":null,"effective":null,"classes":["race","marital status","genetic information","color","age","religion","sex (including pregnancy)","sexual orientation","gender identity","national origin","military status","housing status","disability"],"no_such_state_law":false,"values":{},"single_source_classes":["sex (including pregnancy)","sexual orientation","gender identity","military status","housing status","disability"],"in_law_words":true,"law":"19 Del. C. 711(b)(1) (numbered 711(a)(1) before the current Code)","source_label":"19 Del. C. 711(b)(1)","source_kind":"statute","source_url":"https://delcode.delaware.gov/title19/c007/sc02/index.html","source_quote":"because of such individual’s race, marital status, genetic information, color, age, religion, sex (including pregnancy), sexual orientation, gender identity, national origin, military status, or housing status.","second_source_url":"https://www.govinfo.gov/content/pkg/USCOURTS-ded-1_10-cv-00188/pdf/USCOURTS-ded-1_10-cv-00188-2.pdf","second_source_quote":"employment discrimination is prohibited with respect to the protected classes of race, marital status, genetic information, color, age, religion, sex and national origin","verified_at":"2026-09-28","status":"verified"}],"pay_transparency":[{"jurisdiction":"DE","law_key":"pay_transparency","status":"no_verified_answer","message":"No verified answer. Check the official source.","check_url":"https://legis.delaware.gov/json/BillDetail/GenerateHtmlDocument?legislationId=142429&legislationTypeId=6&docTypeId=2&legislationName=HS2forHB105"}]}},{"state":"DC","name":"District of Columbia","rulebook_url":"https://interobservers.com/desk/states/district-of-columbia/","topics":{"salary_history":[{"jurisdiction":"DC","law_key":"salary_history","law_name":"DC Wage Transparency Act, D.C. Code 32-1452(4)-(5) (wage history)","case":"private_employers","rule":"DC employers may not screen prospective employees based on their wage history, including by requiring disclosure of wage history as a condition of an interview or of continued consideration, and may not seek wage history from a prior employer.","requires":"Do not screen prospective employees based on wage history, do not require them to disclose it to be interviewed or considered, and do not seek it from a previous employer","covers":"Employers.","scope":"Employers.","employees_min":null,"effective":null,"classes":null,"no_such_state_law":false,"values":{},"single_source_classes":null,"in_law_words":true,"law":"D.C. Code 32-1452(4)","source_label":"D.C. Code 32-1452(4)","source_kind":"statute","source_url":"https://code.dccouncil.gov/us/dc/council/code/sections/32-1452","source_quote":"Screen prospective employees based on their wage history, including by requiring that a prospective employee's wage history satisfy minimum or maximum criteria","second_source_url":"https://oag.dc.gov/release/attorney-general-schwalb-issues-business-advisory","second_source_quote":"Screening prospective employees based on their wage history;","verified_at":"2026-09-28","status":"verified"}],"ban_the_box":[{"jurisdiction":"DC","law_key":"ban_the_box","law_name":"Fair Criminal Record Screening Amendment Act of 2014, D.C. Code 32-1342","case":"private_employers","rule":"District of Columbia employers may not ask about or require an applicant to disclose a criminal conviction until after making a conditional offer of employment.","requires":"No inquiry about, or required disclosure of, a criminal conviction until after a conditional offer of employment","covers":"Employers with more than 10 employees in the District of Columbia, including the District government but not the courts.","scope":"Employers with more than 10 employees in the District of Columbia, including the District government but not the courts.","employees_min":null,"effective":null,"classes":null,"no_such_state_law":false,"values":{},"single_source_classes":null,"in_law_words":true,"law":"D.C. Code 32-1342(b)","source_label":"D.C. Code 32-1342(b)","source_kind":"statute","source_url":"https://code.dccouncil.gov/us/dc/council/code/sections/32-1342","source_quote":"(b) An employer may not make an inquiry about or require an applicant to disclose or reveal a criminal conviction until after making a conditional offer of employment.","second_source_url":"https://ohr.dc.gov/page/ohrs-returning-citizens-resources","second_source_quote":"which prohibits employers from inquiring about a job applicant’s criminal history on initial applications.","verified_at":"2026-09-28","status":"verified"}],"protected_classes":[{"jurisdiction":"DC","law_key":"protected_classes","law_name":"D.C. Human Rights Act, D.C. Code 2-1402.11(a)","case":"statewide","rule":"In the District of Columbia it is unlawful to take the listed employment actions wholly or partially for a discriminatory reason based on any of the listed actual or perceived characteristics.","requires":null,"covers":null,"scope":null,"employees_min":null,"effective":null,"classes":["race","color","religion","national origin","sex","age","marital status","personal appearance","sexual orientation","gender identity or expression","family responsibilities","genetic information","disability","matriculation","political affiliation","status as a victim or family member of a victim of domestic violence, a sexual offense, or stalking","credit information","homeless status"],"no_such_state_law":false,"values":{},"single_source_classes":["race","color","religion","national origin","sex","age","marital status","personal appearance","sexual orientation","gender identity or expression","family responsibilities","status as a victim or family member of a victim of domestic violence, a sexual offense, or stalking","credit information","homeless status"],"in_law_words":true,"law":"D.C. Code 2-1402.11(a)","source_label":"D.C. Code 2-1402.11(a)","source_kind":"statute","source_url":"https://code.dccouncil.gov/us/dc/council/code/sections/2-1402.11","source_quote":"wholly or partially for a discriminatory reason based upon the actual or perceived: race, color, religion, national origin, sex, age, marital status, personal appearance, sexual orientation, gender identity or expression, family responsibilities, genetic information, disability, matriculation, political affiliation, status as a victim or family member of a victim of domestic violence, a sexual offense, or stalking, credit information, or homeless status of any individual","second_source_url":"https://www.govinfo.gov/content/pkg/USCOURTS-dcd-1_23-cv-01527/pdf/USCOURTS-dcd-1_23-cv-01527-0.pdf","second_source_quote":"genetic information, disability, matriculation, or political affiliation of any individual","verified_at":"2026-09-28","status":"verified"}],"pay_transparency":[{"jurisdiction":"DC","law_key":"pay_transparency","law_name":"DC Wage Transparency Act, D.C. Code 32-1453.01 (employer disclosures)","case":"job_postings","rule":"DC employers must provide the minimum and maximum projected salary or hourly pay in all job listings and position descriptions advertised, and disclose the existence of healthcare benefits to prospective employees before the first interview.","requires":"State the minimum and maximum projected salary or hourly pay in all job listings and position descriptions advertised; disclose the existence of healthcare benefits before the first interview","covers":"Employers.","scope":"Employers.","employees_min":null,"effective":null,"classes":null,"no_such_state_law":false,"values":{},"single_source_classes":null,"in_law_words":true,"law":"D.C. Code 32-1453.01(a)(1)","source_label":"D.C. Code 32-1453.01(a)(1)","source_kind":"statute","source_url":"https://code.dccouncil.gov/us/dc/council/code/sections/32-1453.01","source_quote":"Provide the minimum and maximum projected salary or hourly pay in all job listings and position descriptions advertised.","second_source_url":"https://oag.dc.gov/release/attorney-general-schwalb-issues-business-advisory","second_source_quote":"Provide minimum and maximum salary or hourly pay information in all job postings; and","verified_at":"2026-09-28","status":"verified"}]}},{"state":"FL","name":"Florida","rulebook_url":"https://interobservers.com/desk/states/florida/","topics":{"salary_history":[{"jurisdiction":"FL","law_key":"salary_history","status":"no_verified_answer","message":"No verified answer. Check the official source.","check_url":"https://www.dol.gov/agencies/whd/state/contacts"}],"ban_the_box":[{"jurisdiction":"FL","law_key":"ban_the_box","status":"no_verified_answer","message":"No verified answer. Check the official source.","check_url":"https://www.dol.gov/agencies/whd/state/contacts"}],"protected_classes":[{"jurisdiction":"FL","law_key":"protected_classes","law_name":"Florida Civil Rights Act, Fla. Stat. 760.10(1)(a)","case":"statewide","rule":"Florida employers may not discharge, fail or refuse to hire, or otherwise discriminate against an individual in compensation or terms, conditions or privileges of employment because of race, color, religion, sex, pregnancy, national origin, age, handicap or marital status.","requires":null,"covers":null,"scope":null,"employees_min":null,"effective":null,"classes":["race","color","religion","sex","pregnancy","national origin","age","handicap","marital status"],"no_such_state_law":false,"values":{},"single_source_classes":[],"in_law_words":true,"law":"Fla. Stat. 760.10(1)(a)","source_label":"Fla. Stat. 760.10(1)(a)","source_kind":"statute","source_url":"https://www.leg.state.fl.us/statutes/index.cfm?App_mode=Display_Statute&URL=0700-0799/0760/Sections/0760.10.html","source_quote":"because of such individual’s race, color, religion, sex, pregnancy, national origin, age, handicap, or marital status.","second_source_url":"https://www.govinfo.gov/content/pkg/USCOURTS-ca11-24-10570/pdf/USCOURTS-ca11-24-10570-0.pdf","second_source_quote":"because of such individual’s race, color, religion, sex, pregnancy, national origin, age, handicap, or marital status.","verified_at":"2026-09-28","status":"verified"}],"pay_transparency":[{"jurisdiction":"FL","law_key":"pay_transparency","status":"no_verified_answer","message":"No verified answer. Check the official source.","check_url":"https://www.dol.gov/agencies/whd/state/contacts"}]}},{"state":"GA","name":"Georgia","rulebook_url":"https://interobservers.com/desk/states/georgia/","topics":{"salary_history":[{"jurisdiction":"GA","law_key":"salary_history","status":"no_verified_answer","message":"No verified answer. Check the official source.","check_url":"https://www.dol.gov/agencies/whd/state/contacts"}],"ban_the_box":[{"jurisdiction":"GA","law_key":"ban_the_box","status":"no_verified_answer","message":"No verified answer. Check the official source.","check_url":"https://www.dol.gov/agencies/whd/state/contacts"}],"protected_classes":[{"jurisdiction":"GA","law_key":"protected_classes","status":"no_verified_answer","message":"No verified answer. Check the official source.","check_url":"https://www.dol.gov/agencies/whd/state/contacts"}],"pay_transparency":[{"jurisdiction":"GA","law_key":"pay_transparency","status":"no_verified_answer","message":"No verified answer. Check the official source.","check_url":"https://www.dol.gov/agencies/whd/state/contacts"}]}},{"state":"HI","name":"Hawaii","rulebook_url":"https://interobservers.com/desk/states/hawaii/","topics":{"salary_history":[{"jurisdiction":"HI","law_key":"salary_history","status":"no_verified_answer","message":"No verified answer. Check the official source.","check_url":"https://data.capitol.hawaii.gov/hrscurrent/Vol07_Ch0346-0398/HRS0378/HRS_0378-0002_0004.htm"}],"ban_the_box":[{"jurisdiction":"HI","law_key":"ban_the_box","law_name":"Haw. Rev. Stat. 378-2.5, employer inquiries into conviction record","case":"private_employers","rule":"Hawaii employers may inquire into and consider a prospective employee's conviction record only after the prospective employee has received a conditional offer of employment, and only where the record bears a rational relationship to the duties and responsibilities of the position.","requires":"Inquiry into and consideration of conviction records only after a conditional offer of employment; the offer may be withdrawn only for a conviction record that bears a rational relationship to the duties and responsibilities of the position","covers":"Employers covered by Hawaii's employment practices law, with the exceptions listed in the law.","scope":"Employers covered by Hawaii's employment practices law, with the exceptions listed in the law.","employees_min":null,"effective":null,"classes":null,"no_such_state_law":false,"values":{},"single_source_classes":null,"in_law_words":true,"law":"Haw. Rev. Stat. 378-2.5(b)","source_label":"Haw. Rev. Stat. 378-2.5(b)","source_kind":"statute","source_url":"https://data.capitol.hawaii.gov/hrscurrent/Vol07_Ch0346-0398/HRS0378/HRS_0378-0002_0005.htm","source_quote":"(b) Inquiry into and consideration of conviction records for prospective employees shall take place only after the prospective employee has received a conditional offer of employment which may be withdrawn if the prospective employee has a conviction record that bears a rational relationship to the duties and responsibilities of the position.","second_source_url":"https://www.govinfo.gov/content/pkg/USCOURTS-hid-1_14-cv-00025/pdf/USCOURTS-hid-1_14-cv-00025-0.pdf","second_source_quote":"received a conditional offer of employment which may be withdrawn if the prospective employee has a conviction record that bears a rational relationship to the duties and responsibilities of the position.","verified_at":"2026-09-28","status":"verified"}],"protected_classes":[{"jurisdiction":"HI","law_key":"protected_classes","law_name":"Hawaii Employment Practices law, HRS 378-2(a)(1)","case":"statewide","rule":"Hawaii employers may not refuse to hire or employ, bar or discharge, or discriminate in compensation or terms of employment because of any of the listed characteristics (domestic or sexual violence victim status when the employer has notice or actual knowledge of it).","requires":null,"covers":null,"scope":null,"employees_min":null,"effective":null,"classes":["race","sex including gender identity or expression","sexual orientation","age","religion","color","ancestry","disability","marital status","arrest and court record","reproductive health decision","domestic or sexual violence victim status"],"no_such_state_law":false,"values":{},"single_source_classes":[],"in_law_words":true,"law":"HRS 378-2(a)(1)","source_label":"HRS 378-2(a)(1)","source_kind":"statute","source_url":"https://data.capitol.hawaii.gov/hrscurrent/Vol07_Ch0346-0398/HRS0378/HRS_0378-0002.htm","source_quote":"Because of race, sex including gender identity or expression, sexual orientation, age, religion, color, ancestry, disability, marital status, arrest and court record, reproductive health decision, or domestic or sexual violence victim status","second_source_url":"https://www.govinfo.gov/content/pkg/USCOURTS-hid-1_19-cv-00609/pdf/USCOURTS-hid-1_19-cv-00609-1.pdf","second_source_quote":"Because of race, sex including gender identity or expression, sexual orientation, age, religion, color, ancestry, disability, marital status, arrest and court record, reproductive health decision, or domestic or sexual violence victim status","verified_at":"2026-09-28","status":"verified"}],"pay_transparency":[{"jurisdiction":"HI","law_key":"pay_transparency","status":"no_verified_answer","message":"No verified answer. Check the official source.","check_url":"https://data.capitol.hawaii.gov/hrscurrent/Vol07_Ch0346-0398/HRS0378/HRS_0378-0002_0008.htm"}]}},{"state":"ID","name":"Idaho","rulebook_url":"https://interobservers.com/desk/states/idaho/","topics":{"salary_history":[{"jurisdiction":"ID","law_key":"salary_history","status":"no_verified_answer","message":"No verified answer. Check the official source.","check_url":"https://www.dol.gov/agencies/whd/state/contacts"}],"ban_the_box":[{"jurisdiction":"ID","law_key":"ban_the_box","status":"no_verified_answer","message":"No verified answer. Check the official source.","check_url":"https://www.dol.gov/agencies/whd/state/contacts"}],"protected_classes":[{"jurisdiction":"ID","law_key":"protected_classes","status":"no_verified_answer","message":"No verified answer. Check the official source.","check_url":"https://www.dol.gov/agencies/whd/state/contacts"}],"pay_transparency":[{"jurisdiction":"ID","law_key":"pay_transparency","status":"no_verified_answer","message":"No verified answer. Check the official source.","check_url":"https://www.dol.gov/agencies/whd/state/contacts"}]}},{"state":"IL","name":"Illinois","rulebook_url":"https://interobservers.com/desk/states/illinois/","topics":{"salary_history":[{"jurisdiction":"IL","law_key":"salary_history","status":"no_verified_answer","message":"No verified answer. Check the official source.","check_url":"https://labor.illinois.gov/faqs/equal-pay-act-salary-history-ban-faq.html"}],"ban_the_box":[{"jurisdiction":"IL","law_key":"ban_the_box","status":"no_verified_answer","message":"No verified answer. Check the official source.","check_url":"https://labor.illinois.gov/laws-rules/fls/job-opportunities-for-qualified-applicants-act.html"}],"protected_classes":[{"jurisdiction":"IL","law_key":"protected_classes","status":"no_verified_answer","message":"No verified answer. Check the official source.","check_url":"https://www.dol.gov/agencies/whd/state/contacts"}],"pay_transparency":[{"jurisdiction":"IL","law_key":"pay_transparency","status":"no_verified_answer","message":"No verified answer. Check the official source.","check_url":"https://labor.illinois.gov/laws-rules/conmed/equal-pay-act-salary-transparency.html"}]}},{"state":"IN","name":"Indiana","rulebook_url":"https://interobservers.com/desk/states/indiana/","topics":{"salary_history":[{"jurisdiction":"IN","law_key":"salary_history","status":"no_verified_answer","message":"No verified answer. Check the official source.","check_url":"https://www.dol.gov/agencies/whd/state/contacts"}],"ban_the_box":[{"jurisdiction":"IN","law_key":"ban_the_box","status":"no_verified_answer","message":"No verified answer. Check the official source.","check_url":"https://www.dol.gov/agencies/whd/state/contacts"}],"protected_classes":[{"jurisdiction":"IN","law_key":"protected_classes","status":"no_verified_answer","message":"No verified answer. Check the official source.","check_url":"https://www.in.gov/icrc/files/Chapter_1.pdf"}],"pay_transparency":[{"jurisdiction":"IN","law_key":"pay_transparency","status":"no_verified_answer","message":"No verified answer. Check the official source.","check_url":"https://www.dol.gov/agencies/whd/state/contacts"}]}},{"state":"IA","name":"Iowa","rulebook_url":"https://interobservers.com/desk/states/iowa/","topics":{"salary_history":[{"jurisdiction":"IA","law_key":"salary_history","status":"no_verified_answer","message":"No verified answer. Check the official source.","check_url":"https://www.dol.gov/agencies/whd/state/contacts"}],"ban_the_box":[{"jurisdiction":"IA","law_key":"ban_the_box","status":"no_verified_answer","message":"No verified answer. Check the official source.","check_url":"https://www.dol.gov/agencies/whd/state/contacts"}],"protected_classes":[{"jurisdiction":"IA","law_key":"protected_classes","law_name":"Iowa Civil Rights Act, Iowa Code 216.6 (unfair employment practices)","case":"statewide","rule":"Iowa employers may not refuse to hire, discharge or otherwise discriminate in employment against an applicant or employee because of age, race, creed, color, sex, sexual orientation, national origin, religion or disability, unless based upon the nature of the occupation.","requires":null,"covers":null,"scope":null,"employees_min":null,"effective":null,"classes":["age","race","creed","color","sex","sexual orientation","national origin","religion","disability"],"no_such_state_law":false,"values":{},"single_source_classes":["age","race","creed","color","national origin","religion","disability"],"in_law_words":true,"law":"Iowa Code 216.6(1)(a) (Iowa Code 2026)","source_label":"Iowa Code 216.6(1)(a)","source_kind":"statute","source_url":"https://www.legis.iowa.gov/docs/code/216.6.pdf","source_quote":"to otherwise discriminate in employment against any applicant for employment or any employee because of the age, race, creed, color, sex, sexual orientation, national origin, religion, or disability of such applicant or employee, unless based upon the nature of the occupation.","second_source_url":"https://www.govinfo.gov/content/pkg/USCOURTS-iand-5_13-cv-04008/pdf/USCOURTS-iand-5_13-cv-04008-0.pdf","second_source_quote":"against any applicant for employment or any employee because of the . . . sexual orientation . . . of such applicant or employee, unless based upon the nature of the occupation.","verified_at":"2026-09-28","status":"verified"}],"pay_transparency":[{"jurisdiction":"IA","law_key":"pay_transparency","status":"no_verified_answer","message":"No verified answer. Check the official source.","check_url":"https://www.dol.gov/agencies/whd/state/contacts"}]}},{"state":"KS","name":"Kansas","rulebook_url":"https://interobservers.com/desk/states/kansas/","topics":{"salary_history":[{"jurisdiction":"KS","law_key":"salary_history","status":"no_verified_answer","message":"No verified answer. Check the official source.","check_url":"https://www.dol.gov/agencies/whd/state/contacts"}],"ban_the_box":[{"jurisdiction":"KS","law_key":"ban_the_box","status":"no_verified_answer","message":"No verified answer. Check the official source.","check_url":"https://www.dol.gov/agencies/whd/state/contacts"}],"protected_classes":[{"jurisdiction":"KS","law_key":"protected_classes","law_name":"Kansas Act Against Discrimination, K.S.A. 44-1009(a)(1)","case":"statewide","rule":"Kansas employers may not refuse to hire or employ, bar or discharge a person, or otherwise discriminate in compensation or terms, conditions or privileges of employment, because of race, religion, color, sex, disability, national origin or ancestry.","requires":null,"covers":null,"scope":null,"employees_min":null,"effective":null,"classes":["race","religion","color","sex","disability","national origin","ancestry","age"],"no_such_state_law":false,"values":{},"single_source_classes":["age"],"in_law_words":true,"law":"K.S.A. 44-1009(a)(1)","source_label":"K.S.A. 44-1009(a)(1)","source_kind":"statute","source_url":"https://www.ksrevisor.org/statutes/chapters/ch44/044_010_0009.html","source_quote":"For an employer, because of the race, religion, color, sex, disability, national origin or ancestry of any person to refuse to hire or employ such person to bar or discharge such person from employment or to otherwise discriminate against such person in compensation or in terms, conditions or privileges of employment","second_source_url":"https://www.govinfo.gov/content/pkg/USCOURTS-ca10-07-03060/pdf/USCOURTS-ca10-07-03060-0.pdf","second_source_quote":"because of the race, religion, color, sex, disability, national origin or ancestry of any person to refuse to hire or employ such person to bar or discharge such person from employment or to otherwise discriminate against such person in compensation or in terms, conditions or privileges of employment","verified_at":"2026-09-28","status":"verified"}],"pay_transparency":[{"jurisdiction":"KS","law_key":"pay_transparency","status":"no_verified_answer","message":"No verified answer. Check the official source.","check_url":"https://www.dol.gov/agencies/whd/state/contacts"}]}},{"state":"KY","name":"Kentucky","rulebook_url":"https://interobservers.com/desk/states/kentucky/","topics":{"salary_history":[{"jurisdiction":"KY","law_key":"salary_history","status":"no_verified_answer","message":"No verified answer. Check the official source.","check_url":"https://www.dol.gov/agencies/whd/state/contacts"}],"ban_the_box":[{"jurisdiction":"KY","law_key":"ban_the_box","status":"no_verified_answer","message":"No verified answer. Check the official source.","check_url":"https://www.dol.gov/agencies/whd/state/contacts"}],"protected_classes":[{"jurisdiction":"KY","law_key":"protected_classes","law_name":"Kentucky Civil Rights Act, KRS 344.040(1)(a)","case":"statewide","rule":"Kentucky employers may not refuse to hire, discharge or otherwise discriminate in compensation, terms, conditions or privileges of employment because of race, color, religion, national origin, sex, age forty (40) and over, because the person is a qualified individual with a disability, or because the individual is a smoker or nonsmoker (as long as the person complies with any workplace smoking policy).","requires":null,"covers":null,"scope":null,"employees_min":null,"effective":null,"classes":["race","color","religion","national origin","sex","age forty (40) and over","qualified individual with a disability","smoker or nonsmoker"],"no_such_state_law":false,"values":{"age_min":40},"single_source_classes":["race","color","religion","national origin","sex","qualified individual with a disability","smoker or nonsmoker"],"in_law_words":true,"law":"KRS 344.040(1)(a)","source_label":"KRS 344.040(1)(a)","source_kind":"statute","source_url":"https://apps.legislature.ky.gov/law/statutes/statute.aspx?id=49405","source_quote":"because of the individual's race, color, religion, national origin, sex, age forty (40) and over, because the person is a qualified individual with a disability, or because the individual is a smoker or nonsmoker, as long as the person complies with any workplace policy concerning smoking","second_source_url":"https://www.govinfo.gov/content/pkg/USCOURTS-ca6-11-05419/pdf/USCOURTS-ca6-11-05419-0.pdf","second_source_quote":"terms, conditions, or privileges of employment, because of the individual's . . . age forty (40) and over.\" Ky. Rev. Stat. Ann. § 344.040(1)(a).","verified_at":"2026-09-28","status":"verified"}],"pay_transparency":[{"jurisdiction":"KY","law_key":"pay_transparency","status":"no_verified_answer","message":"No verified answer. Check the official source.","check_url":"https://www.dol.gov/agencies/whd/state/contacts"}]}},{"state":"LA","name":"Louisiana","rulebook_url":"https://interobservers.com/desk/states/louisiana/","topics":{"salary_history":[{"jurisdiction":"LA","law_key":"salary_history","status":"no_verified_answer","message":"No verified answer. Check the official source.","check_url":"https://www.dol.gov/agencies/whd/state/contacts"}],"ban_the_box":[{"jurisdiction":"LA","law_key":"ban_the_box","law_name":"La. R.S. 42:1701 (state employment; consideration of criminal history)","case":"public_employers","rule":"Louisiana state employers may not ask about a prospective employee's criminal history, including on an initial application form, until after the applicant has had an opportunity to interview or, if no interview is conducted, until after a conditional offer of employment. This applies to positions in the state unclassified service, except positions in law enforcement or corrections and positions for which a criminal background check is required by law. The employer may still consider criminal history in the final hiring decision.","requires":"Do not ask about criminal history, including on the initial application form, until after the applicant has had an opportunity to interview, or until after a conditional offer of employment if there is no interview.","covers":"State employers, for positions in the state unclassified service; private and local government employers are not covered.","scope":"State employers, for positions in the state unclassified service; private and local government employers are not covered.","employees_min":null,"effective":"2016-08-01","classes":null,"no_such_state_law":false,"values":{},"single_source_classes":null,"in_law_words":true,"law":"La. R.S. 42:1701(A)","source_label":"La. R.S. 42:1701(A)","source_kind":"statute","source_url":"https://legis.la.gov/legis/Law.aspx?d=1017837","source_quote":"No state employer, when filling a position, may inquire, including without limitation on an initial application form, about a prospective employee's criminal history until after the prospective employee has been given an opportunity to interview for the position or, if no such interview is to be conducted, until after the prospective employee has been given a conditional offer of employment.","second_source_url":"https://www.civilservice.louisiana.gov/files/hr_professionals/Ban%20The%20Box%20Presentation%206-16-16.pdf","second_source_quote":"prohibits a state employer from inquiring about a prospective unclassified employee's criminal history until after an interview or conditional offer of employment is made","verified_at":"2026-09-28","status":"verified"}],"protected_classes":[{"jurisdiction":"LA","law_key":"protected_classes","law_name":"Louisiana Employment Discrimination Law, La. R.S. 23:332(A)(1)","case":"statewide","rule":"Louisiana employers may not intentionally refuse to hire, discharge or otherwise intentionally discriminate with respect to compensation, terms, conditions or privileges of employment because of race, color, religion, sex, national origin, military status, or natural, protective, or cultural hairstyle.","requires":null,"covers":null,"scope":null,"employees_min":null,"effective":null,"classes":["race","color","religion","sex","national origin","military status","natural, protective, or cultural hairstyle","age","disability"],"no_such_state_law":false,"values":{},"single_source_classes":["military status","natural, protective, or cultural hairstyle","age","disability"],"in_law_words":true,"law":"La. R.S. 23:332(A)(1)","source_label":"La. R.S. 23:332(A)(1)","source_kind":"statute","source_url":"https://legis.la.gov/legis/Law.aspx?d=83879","source_quote":"because of the individual's race, color, religion, sex, national origin, military status, or natural, protective, or cultural hairstyle.","second_source_url":"https://www.govinfo.gov/content/pkg/USCOURTS-laed-2_17-cv-10789/pdf/USCOURTS-laed-2_17-cv-10789-0.pdf","second_source_quote":"Intentionally fail or refuse to hire or to discharge any individual, or otherwise to intentionally discriminate against any individual with respect to compensation, or terms, conditions, or privileges of employment, because of the individual's race, color, religion, sex, or national origin.","verified_at":"2026-09-28","status":"verified"}],"pay_transparency":[{"jurisdiction":"LA","law_key":"pay_transparency","status":"no_verified_answer","message":"No verified answer. Check the official source.","check_url":"https://www.dol.gov/agencies/whd/state/contacts"}]}},{"state":"ME","name":"Maine","rulebook_url":"https://interobservers.com/desk/states/maine/","topics":{"salary_history":[{"jurisdiction":"ME","law_key":"salary_history","law_name":"26 MRSA 628-A (compensation history inquiry prohibited)","case":"private_employers","rule":"A Maine employer may not use or inquire about a prospective employee's compensation history, from the applicant or a current or former employer, until an offer of employment including all terms of compensation has been negotiated and made; after that it may inquire about or confirm compensation history.","requires":"Do not ask about or use an applicant's compensation history until an offer with all terms of compensation has been made.","covers":"Employers, except for inquiries that a federal or state law specifically requires.","scope":"Employers, except for inquiries that a federal or state law specifically requires.","employees_min":null,"effective":null,"classes":null,"no_such_state_law":false,"values":{},"single_source_classes":null,"in_law_words":true,"law":"26 MRSA 628-A","source_label":"26 MRSA 628-A","source_kind":"statute","source_url":"https://legislature.maine.gov/statutes/26/title26sec628-A.html","source_quote":"An employer may not use or inquire about the compensation history of a prospective employee from the prospective employee or a current or former employer of the prospective employee unless an offer of employment that includes all terms of compensation has been negotiated and made to the prospective employee, after which the employer may inquire about or confirm the prospective employee's compensation history.","second_source_url":"https://www.govinfo.gov/content/pkg/USCOURTS-ca1-22-01394/pdf/USCOURTS-ca1-22-01394-0.pdf","second_source_quote":"to prohibit employers from inquiring about compensation history when hiring a prospective employee.","verified_at":"2026-09-28","status":"verified"}],"ban_the_box":[{"jurisdiction":"ME","law_key":"ban_the_box","status":"no_verified_answer","message":"No verified answer. Check the official source.","check_url":"https://legislature.maine.gov/statutes/26/title26sec600-A.html"}],"protected_classes":[{"jurisdiction":"ME","law_key":"protected_classes","law_name":"Maine Human Rights Act, 5 MRSA 4572(1)(A) (unlawful employment discrimination)","case":"statewide","rule":"A Maine employer may not fail or refuse to hire or otherwise discriminate against an applicant because of race or color, sex, sexual orientation or gender identity, physical or mental disability, religion, age, ancestry, national origin or familial status, and certain protected prior actions (workers' compensation claims, whistleblower actions, protection orders).","requires":null,"covers":null,"scope":null,"employees_min":null,"effective":null,"classes":["race or color","sex","sexual orientation or gender identity","physical or mental disability","religion","age","ancestry","national origin","familial status"],"no_such_state_law":false,"values":{},"single_source_classes":["race or color","sex","sexual orientation or gender identity"],"in_law_words":true,"law":"5 MRSA 4572(1)(A)","source_label":"5 MRSA 4572(1)(A)","source_kind":"statute","source_url":"https://legislature.maine.gov/statutes/5/title5sec4572.html","source_quote":"For any employer to fail or refuse to hire or otherwise discriminate against any applicant for employment because of race or color, sex, sexual orientation or gender identity, physical or mental disability, religion, age, ancestry, national origin or familial status","second_source_url":"https://www.ca1.uscourts.gov/sites/ca1/files/opnfiles/24-1590P-01A.pdf","second_source_quote":"physical or mental disability, religion, age, ancestry, national origin or familial status","verified_at":"2026-09-28","status":"verified"}],"pay_transparency":[{"jurisdiction":"ME","law_key":"pay_transparency","status":"no_verified_answer","message":"No verified answer. Check the official source.","check_url":"https://legislature.maine.gov/legis/bills/getPDF.asp?paper=HP0018&item=7&snum=132"}]}},{"state":"MD","name":"Maryland","rulebook_url":"https://interobservers.com/desk/states/maryland/","topics":{"salary_history":[{"jurisdiction":"MD","law_key":"salary_history","status":"no_verified_answer","message":"No verified answer. Check the official source.","check_url":"https://mgaleg.maryland.gov/mgawebsite/Laws/StatuteText?article=gle&section=3-304.2"}],"ban_the_box":[{"jurisdiction":"MD","law_key":"ban_the_box","status":"no_verified_answer","message":"No verified answer. Check the official source.","check_url":"https://mgaleg.maryland.gov/mgawebsite/Laws/StatuteText?article=gle&section=3-1503"}],"protected_classes":[{"jurisdiction":"MD","law_key":"protected_classes","law_name":"Maryland Fair Employment Practices Act, Md. Code, State Gov't 20-606(a)(1)","case":"statewide","rule":"A Maryland employer may not fail or refuse to hire, discharge, or otherwise discriminate against an individual with respect to compensation, terms, conditions, or privileges of employment because of race, color, religion, sex, age, national origin, marital status, sexual orientation, gender identity, genetic information, military status, or disability unrelated in nature and extent so as to reasonably preclude the performance of the employment.","requires":null,"covers":null,"scope":null,"employees_min":null,"effective":null,"classes":["race","color","religion","sex","age","national origin","marital status","sexual orientation","gender identity","genetic information","military status","disability"],"no_such_state_law":false,"values":{},"single_source_classes":["military status"],"in_law_words":true,"law":"Md. Code, State Gov't 20-606(a)(1)(i)","source_label":"Md. Code, State Gov't 20-606(a)(1)(i)","source_kind":"statute","source_url":"https://mgaleg.maryland.gov/mgawebsite/Laws/StatuteText?article=gsg&section=20-606","source_quote":"the individual’s race, color, religion, sex, age, national origin, marital status, sexual orientation, gender identity, genetic information, military status, or disability unrelated in nature and extent so as to reasonably preclude the performance of the employment","second_source_url":"https://www.mdcourts.gov/data/opinions/coa/2023/28a22m.pdf","second_source_quote":"fail or refuse to hire, discharge, or otherwise discriminate against any individual with respect to the individual’s compensation, terms, conditions, or privileges of employment because of [] the individual’s race, color, religion, sex, age, national origin, marital status, sexual orientation, gender identity, genetic information, or disability[.]","verified_at":"2026-09-27","status":"verified"}],"pay_transparency":[{"jurisdiction":"MD","law_key":"pay_transparency","status":"no_verified_answer","message":"No verified answer. Check the official source.","check_url":"https://mgaleg.maryland.gov/mgawebsite/Laws/StatuteText?article=gle&section=3-304.2"}]}},{"state":"MA","name":"Massachusetts","rulebook_url":"https://interobservers.com/desk/states/massachusetts/","topics":{"salary_history":[{"jurisdiction":"MA","law_key":"salary_history","status":"no_verified_answer","message":"No verified answer. Check the official source.","check_url":"https://www.mass.gov/info-details/introduction-to-the-basics-of-the-massachusetts-equal-pay-act"}],"ban_the_box":[{"jurisdiction":"MA","law_key":"ban_the_box","law_name":"Massachusetts G.L. c. 151B, s. 4(9 1/2) (criminal record information on initial application)","case":"private_employers","rule":"A Massachusetts employer may not request criminal offender record information on its initial written application form, unless specific exceptions apply (for example positions where a law disqualifies people with certain convictions).","requires":"Do not ask about criminal record information on the initial written job application form (limited exceptions).","covers":"Employers, with limited exceptions set out in the law.","scope":"Employers, with limited exceptions set out in the law.","employees_min":null,"effective":null,"classes":null,"no_such_state_law":false,"values":{},"single_source_classes":null,"in_law_words":true,"law":"G.L. c. 151B, s. 4(9 1/2)","source_label":"G.L. c. 151B, s. 4(9 1/2)","source_kind":"statute","source_url":"https://malegislature.gov/Laws/GeneralLaws/PartI/TitleXXI/Chapter151B/Section4","source_quote":"For an employer to request on its initial written application form criminal offender record information","second_source_url":"https://www.mass.gov/info-details/massachusetts-law-about-criminal-records","second_source_quote":"An employer may not \"request on its initial written application form criminal record information,\" unless very specific conditions apply.","verified_at":"2026-09-19","status":"verified"}],"protected_classes":[{"jurisdiction":"MA","law_key":"protected_classes","law_name":"Massachusetts G.L. c. 151B, s. 4(1) (unlawful practices, employers)","case":"statewide","rule":"It is unlawful for a Massachusetts employer, unless based on a bona fide occupational qualification, to refuse to hire, bar, discharge or discriminate in compensation or terms, conditions or privileges of employment because of race, color, religious creed, national origin, sex, gender identity, sexual orientation, genetic information, pregnancy or a condition related to pregnancy (including lactation or the need to express breast milk), ancestry or status as a veteran.","requires":null,"covers":null,"scope":null,"employees_min":null,"effective":null,"classes":["race","color","religious creed","national origin","sex","gender identity","sexual orientation","genetic information","pregnancy or a condition related to said pregnancy","ancestry","status as a veteran","age","handicap"],"no_such_state_law":false,"values":{},"single_source_classes":["pregnancy or a condition related to said pregnancy","status as a veteran","age","handicap"],"in_law_words":true,"law":"G.L. c. 151B, s. 4(1)","source_label":"G.L. c. 151B, s. 4(1)","source_kind":"statute","source_url":"https://malegislature.gov/Laws/GeneralLaws/PartI/TitleXXI/Chapter151B/Section4","source_quote":"For an employer, by himself or his agent, because of the race, color, religious creed, national origin, sex, gender identity, sexual orientation, which shall not include persons whose sexual orientation involves minor children as the sex object, genetic information, pregnancy or a condition related to said pregnancy including, but not limited to, lactation or the need to express breast milk for a nursing child, ancestry or status as a veteran of any individual to refuse to hire or employ","second_source_url":"https://www.govinfo.gov/content/pkg/USCOURTS-mad-1_14-cv-12389/pdf/USCOURTS-mad-1_14-cv-12389-1.pdf","second_source_quote":"because of the race, color, religious creed, national origin, sex, gender identity, sexual orientation, which shall not include persons whose sexual orientation involves minor children as the sex object, genetic information, or ancestry of any individual to refuse to hire or employ","verified_at":"2026-09-19","status":"verified"}],"pay_transparency":[{"jurisdiction":"MA","law_key":"pay_transparency","status":"no_verified_answer","message":"No verified answer. Check the official source.","check_url":"https://www.mass.gov/info-details/pay-transparency-in-massachusetts"}]}},{"state":"MI","name":"Michigan","rulebook_url":"https://interobservers.com/desk/states/michigan/","topics":{"salary_history":[{"jurisdiction":"MI","law_key":"salary_history","status":"no_verified_answer","message":"No verified answer. Check the official source.","check_url":"https://www.dol.gov/agencies/whd/state/contacts"}],"ban_the_box":[{"jurisdiction":"MI","law_key":"ban_the_box","status":"no_verified_answer","message":"No verified answer. Check the official source.","check_url":"https://www.dol.gov/agencies/whd/state/contacts"}],"protected_classes":[{"jurisdiction":"MI","law_key":"protected_classes","status":"no_verified_answer","message":"No verified answer. Check the official source.","check_url":"https://www.dol.gov/agencies/whd/state/contacts"}],"pay_transparency":[{"jurisdiction":"MI","law_key":"pay_transparency","status":"no_verified_answer","message":"No verified answer. Check the official source.","check_url":"https://www.dol.gov/agencies/whd/state/contacts"}]}},{"state":"MN","name":"Minnesota","rulebook_url":"https://interobservers.com/desk/states/minnesota/","topics":{"salary_history":[{"jurisdiction":"MN","law_key":"salary_history","status":"no_verified_answer","message":"No verified answer. Check the official source.","check_url":"https://www.revisor.mn.gov/statutes/cite/363A.08"}],"ban_the_box":[{"jurisdiction":"MN","law_key":"ban_the_box","law_name":"Minn. Stat. 364.021 (public and private employment; consideration of criminal records)","case":"private_employers","rule":"Minnesota public and private employers may not ask about, consider or require disclosure of an applicant's criminal record or criminal history until the applicant has been selected for an interview or, if there is no interview, before a conditional offer of employment is made.","requires":"Do not ask about, consider or require disclosure of criminal record or criminal history until the applicant is selected for an interview, or before a conditional offer of employment if there is no interview.","covers":"Public and private employers, except the Department of Corrections and employers that must run a criminal history background check by law.","scope":"Public and private employers, except the Department of Corrections and employers that must run a criminal history background check by law.","employees_min":null,"effective":null,"classes":null,"no_such_state_law":false,"values":{},"single_source_classes":null,"in_law_words":true,"law":"Minn. Stat. 364.021(a)","source_label":"Minn. 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Check the official source.","check_url":"https://www.revisor.mn.gov/statutes/cite/363A.08"}],"pay_transparency":[{"jurisdiction":"MN","law_key":"pay_transparency","status":"no_verified_answer","message":"No verified answer. Check the official source.","check_url":"https://www.revisor.mn.gov/statutes/cite/181.173"}]}},{"state":"MS","name":"Mississippi","rulebook_url":"https://interobservers.com/desk/states/mississippi/","topics":{"salary_history":[{"jurisdiction":"MS","law_key":"salary_history","status":"no_verified_answer","message":"No verified answer. Check the official source.","check_url":"https://www.dol.gov/agencies/whd/state/contacts"}],"ban_the_box":[{"jurisdiction":"MS","law_key":"ban_the_box","status":"no_verified_answer","message":"No verified answer. Check the official source.","check_url":"https://www.dol.gov/agencies/whd/state/contacts"}],"protected_classes":[{"jurisdiction":"MS","law_key":"protected_classes","status":"no_verified_answer","message":"No verified answer. 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Check the official source.","check_url":"https://www.dol.gov/agencies/whd/state/contacts"}]}},{"state":"MT","name":"Montana","rulebook_url":"https://interobservers.com/desk/states/montana/","topics":{"salary_history":[{"jurisdiction":"MT","law_key":"salary_history","status":"no_verified_answer","message":"No verified answer. Check the official source.","check_url":"https://www.dol.gov/agencies/whd/state/contacts"}],"ban_the_box":[{"jurisdiction":"MT","law_key":"ban_the_box","status":"no_verified_answer","message":"No verified answer. Check the official source.","check_url":"https://www.dol.gov/agencies/whd/state/contacts"}],"protected_classes":[{"jurisdiction":"MT","law_key":"protected_classes","status":"no_verified_answer","message":"No verified answer. Check the official source.","check_url":"https://leg.mt.gov/bills/mca/title_0490/chapter_0020/part_0030/section_0030/0490-0020-0030-0030.html"}],"pay_transparency":[{"jurisdiction":"MT","law_key":"pay_transparency","status":"no_verified_answer","message":"No verified answer. Check the official source.","check_url":"https://www.dol.gov/agencies/whd/state/contacts"}]}},{"state":"NE","name":"Nebraska","rulebook_url":"https://interobservers.com/desk/states/nebraska/","topics":{"salary_history":[{"jurisdiction":"NE","law_key":"salary_history","status":"no_verified_answer","message":"No verified answer. Check the official source.","check_url":"https://www.dol.gov/agencies/whd/state/contacts"}],"ban_the_box":[{"jurisdiction":"NE","law_key":"ban_the_box","status":"no_verified_answer","message":"No verified answer. Check the official source.","check_url":"https://www.dol.gov/agencies/whd/state/contacts"}],"protected_classes":[{"jurisdiction":"NE","law_key":"protected_classes","status":"no_verified_answer","message":"No verified answer. Check the official source.","check_url":"https://neoc.nebraska.gov/employment"}],"pay_transparency":[{"jurisdiction":"NE","law_key":"pay_transparency","status":"no_verified_answer","message":"No verified answer. Check the official source.","check_url":"https://www.dol.gov/agencies/whd/state/contacts"}]}},{"state":"NV","name":"Nevada","rulebook_url":"https://interobservers.com/desk/states/nevada/","topics":{"salary_history":[{"jurisdiction":"NV","law_key":"salary_history","status":"no_verified_answer","message":"No verified answer. Check the official source.","check_url":"https://www.dol.gov/agencies/whd/state/contacts"}],"ban_the_box":[{"jurisdiction":"NV","law_key":"ban_the_box","status":"no_verified_answer","message":"No verified answer. Check the official source.","check_url":"https://www.dol.gov/agencies/whd/state/contacts"}],"protected_classes":[{"jurisdiction":"NV","law_key":"protected_classes","status":"no_verified_answer","message":"No verified answer. Check the official source.","check_url":"https://detr.nv.gov/nerc"}],"pay_transparency":[{"jurisdiction":"NV","law_key":"pay_transparency","status":"no_verified_answer","message":"No verified answer. Check the official source.","check_url":"https://www.dol.gov/agencies/whd/state/contacts"}]}},{"state":"NH","name":"New Hampshire","rulebook_url":"https://interobservers.com/desk/states/new-hampshire/","topics":{"salary_history":[{"jurisdiction":"NH","law_key":"salary_history","status":"no_verified_answer","message":"No verified answer. Check the official source.","check_url":"https://www.dol.gov/agencies/whd/state/contacts"}],"ban_the_box":[{"jurisdiction":"NH","law_key":"ban_the_box","status":"no_verified_answer","message":"No verified answer. 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Check the official source.","check_url":"https://www.dol.gov/agencies/whd/state/contacts"}],"ban_the_box":[{"jurisdiction":"NJ","law_key":"ban_the_box","status":"no_verified_answer","message":"No verified answer. Check the official source.","check_url":"https://www.nj.gov/corrections/pdf/OTS/FRARA/OtherResources/Opportunity%20to%20Compete%20Law.PDF"}],"protected_classes":[{"jurisdiction":"NJ","law_key":"protected_classes","status":"no_verified_answer","message":"No verified answer. Check the official source.","check_url":"https://www.nj.gov/lps/dcr/downloads/NJ-Law-Against-Discrimination-Most-Updated.pdf"}],"pay_transparency":[{"jurisdiction":"NJ","law_key":"pay_transparency","status":"no_verified_answer","message":"No verified answer. Check the official source.","check_url":"https://www.nj.gov/labor/myworkrights/wages/pay-transparency/"}]}},{"state":"NM","name":"New Mexico","rulebook_url":"https://interobservers.com/desk/states/new-mexico/","topics":{"salary_history":[{"jurisdiction":"NM","law_key":"salary_history","status":"no_verified_answer","message":"No verified answer. Check the official source.","check_url":"https://www.dol.gov/agencies/whd/state/contacts"}],"ban_the_box":[{"jurisdiction":"NM","law_key":"ban_the_box","status":"no_verified_answer","message":"No verified answer. Check the official source.","check_url":"https://www.dol.gov/agencies/whd/state/contacts"}],"protected_classes":[{"jurisdiction":"NM","law_key":"protected_classes","status":"no_verified_answer","message":"No verified answer. Check the official source.","check_url":"https://www.dol.gov/agencies/whd/state/contacts"}],"pay_transparency":[{"jurisdiction":"NM","law_key":"pay_transparency","status":"no_verified_answer","message":"No verified answer. Check the official source.","check_url":"https://www.dol.gov/agencies/whd/state/contacts"}]}},{"state":"NY","name":"New York","rulebook_url":"https://interobservers.com/desk/states/new-york/","topics":{"salary_history":[{"jurisdiction":"NY","law_key":"salary_history","status":"no_verified_answer","message":"No verified answer. Check the official source.","check_url":"https://www.nysenate.gov/legislation/laws/LAB/194-A"}],"ban_the_box":[{"jurisdiction":"NY","law_key":"ban_the_box","status":"no_verified_answer","message":"No verified answer. Check the official source.","check_url":"https://www.dol.gov/agencies/whd/state/contacts"}],"protected_classes":[{"jurisdiction":"NY","law_key":"protected_classes","law_name":"New York State Human Rights Law, Executive Law 296(1)(a)","case":"statewide","rule":"New York employers may not refuse to hire or employ, bar or discharge an individual, or discriminate in compensation or terms, conditions or privileges of employment, because of the individual's age, race, creed, color, national origin, citizenship or immigration status, sexual orientation, gender identity or expression, military status, sex, disability, predisposing genetic characteristics, familial status, marital status, or status as a victim of domestic violence.","requires":null,"covers":null,"scope":null,"employees_min":null,"effective":null,"classes":["age","race","creed","color","national origin","citizenship or immigration status","sexual orientation","gender identity or expression","military status","sex","disability","predisposing genetic characteristics","familial status","marital status","status as a victim of domestic violence"],"no_such_state_law":false,"values":{},"single_source_classes":["creed","familial status","status as a victim of domestic violence"],"in_law_words":true,"law":"N.Y. Executive Law 296(1)(a) (revision of 2026-06-05)","source_label":"N.Y. Executive Law 296(1)(a)","source_kind":"statute","source_url":"https://www.nysenate.gov/legislation/laws/EXC/296","source_quote":"For an employer or licensing agency, because of an individual's age, race, creed, color, national origin, citizenship or immigration status, sexual orientation, gender identity or expression, military status, sex, disability, predisposing genetic characteristics, familial status, marital status, or status as a victim of domestic violence, to refuse to hire or employ or to bar or to discharge from employment such individual or to discriminate against such individual in compensation or in terms, conditions or privileges of employment.","second_source_url":"https://dhr.ny.gov/system/files/documents/2026/02/hrl-in-employment.pdf","second_source_quote":"Age Religion Race or color Sex Disability Military status Sexual orientation National origin Gender identity or expression Citizenship or immigration status Domestic violence victim status Marital status Predisposing genetic characteristics","verified_at":"2026-09-28","status":"verified"}],"pay_transparency":[{"jurisdiction":"NY","law_key":"pay_transparency","law_name":"New York Labor Law 194-b (mandatory disclosure of compensation or range of compensation)","case":"job_postings","rule":"New York employers with four or more employees may not advertise a job, promotion or transfer opportunity performed at least in part in New York without disclosing the compensation or a range of compensation and the job description, if such a description exists.","requires":"Include the compensation or a range of compensation (minimum and maximum annual salary or hourly range the employer in good faith believes accurate) and the job description, if one exists, in every advertised job, promotion or transfer opportunity; commission-only jobs may state that pay is based on commission.","covers":"Employers with four or more employees, and their employment agents and recruiters.","scope":"Employers with four or more employees, and their employment agents and recruiters.","employees_min":4,"effective":"2023-09-17","classes":null,"no_such_state_law":false,"values":{"employees":4},"single_source_classes":null,"in_law_words":true,"law":"N.Y. Labor Law 194-b(1)(a) and (6)(b)","source_label":"N.Y. Labor Law 194-b(1)(a) and (6)(b)","source_kind":"statute","source_url":"https://www.nysenate.gov/legislation/laws/LAB/194-B","source_quote":"any person, corporation, limited liability company, association, labor organization or entity employing four or more employees in any occupation, industry, trade, business or service, or any agent thereof","second_source_url":"https://dol.ny.gov/pay-transparency","second_source_quote":"Labor Law Section 194-B requires New York State businesses with four or more employees to provide job descriptions and list compensation ranges for designated job opportunities, promotions, and transfers.","verified_at":"2026-09-28","status":"verified"}]}},{"state":"NC","name":"North Carolina","rulebook_url":"https://interobservers.com/desk/states/north-carolina/","topics":{"salary_history":[{"jurisdiction":"NC","law_key":"salary_history","status":"no_verified_answer","message":"No verified answer. Check the official source.","check_url":"https://www.dol.gov/agencies/whd/state/contacts"}],"ban_the_box":[{"jurisdiction":"NC","law_key":"ban_the_box","status":"no_verified_answer","message":"No verified answer. Check the official source.","check_url":"https://www.dol.gov/agencies/whd/state/contacts"}],"protected_classes":[{"jurisdiction":"NC","law_key":"protected_classes","status":"no_verified_answer","message":"No verified answer. Check the official source.","check_url":"https://www.dol.gov/agencies/whd/state/contacts"}],"pay_transparency":[{"jurisdiction":"NC","law_key":"pay_transparency","status":"no_verified_answer","message":"No verified answer. Check the official source.","check_url":"https://www.dol.gov/agencies/whd/state/contacts"}]}},{"state":"ND","name":"North Dakota","rulebook_url":"https://interobservers.com/desk/states/north-dakota/","topics":{"salary_history":[{"jurisdiction":"ND","law_key":"salary_history","status":"no_verified_answer","message":"No verified answer. Check the official source.","check_url":"https://www.dol.gov/agencies/whd/state/contacts"}],"ban_the_box":[{"jurisdiction":"ND","law_key":"ban_the_box","status":"no_verified_answer","message":"No verified answer. Check the official source.","check_url":"https://www.dol.gov/agencies/whd/state/contacts"}],"protected_classes":[{"jurisdiction":"ND","law_key":"protected_classes","law_name":"North Dakota Human Rights Act, N.D.C.C. 14-02.4-02(6) and 14-02.4-03","case":"statewide","rule":"North Dakota employers may not fail or refuse to hire, discharge, or treat an individual unequally in employment because of race, color, religion, sex, national origin, age, physical or mental disability, status with regard to marriage or public assistance, or participation in lawful off-premises activity during nonworking hours not in direct conflict with the essential business-related interests of the employer.","requires":null,"covers":null,"scope":null,"employees_min":null,"effective":null,"classes":["race","color","religion","sex","national origin","age","physical or mental disability","status with regard to marriage or public assistance","participation in lawful activity off the employer's premises during nonworking hours"],"no_such_state_law":false,"values":{},"single_source_classes":["status with regard to marriage or public assistance"],"in_law_words":true,"law":"N.D.C.C. 14-02.4-02 (\"Discriminatory practice\" definition)","source_label":"N.D.C.C. 14-02.4-02","source_kind":"statute","source_url":"https://ndlegis.gov/cencode/t14c02-4.pdf","source_quote":"\"Discriminatory practice\" means an act or attempted act which because of race, color, religion, sex, national origin, age, physical or mental disability, status with regard to marriage or public assistance, or participation in lawful activity off the employer's premises during nonworking hours which is not in direct conflict with the essential business-related interests of the employer results in the unequal","second_source_url":"https://www.govinfo.gov/content/pkg/USCOURTS-ndd-1_08-cv-00059/pdf/USCOURTS-ndd-1_08-cv-00059-12.pdf","second_source_quote":"because of race, color, religion, sex, national origin, age, physical or mental disability, status with respect to marriage or public assistance, or participation in lawful activity off the employer’s premises during nonworking hours which is not in direct conflict with the essential business-related interests of the employer. N.D.C.C. § 14-02.4-03.","verified_at":"2026-09-28","status":"verified"}],"pay_transparency":[{"jurisdiction":"ND","law_key":"pay_transparency","status":"no_verified_answer","message":"No verified answer. Check the official source.","check_url":"https://www.dol.gov/agencies/whd/state/contacts"}]}},{"state":"OH","name":"Ohio","rulebook_url":"https://interobservers.com/desk/states/ohio/","topics":{"salary_history":[{"jurisdiction":"OH","law_key":"salary_history","status":"no_verified_answer","message":"No verified answer. Check the official source.","check_url":"https://www.dol.gov/agencies/whd/state/contacts"}],"ban_the_box":[{"jurisdiction":"OH","law_key":"ban_the_box","status":"no_verified_answer","message":"No verified answer. Check the official source.","check_url":"https://www.dol.gov/agencies/whd/state/contacts"}],"protected_classes":[{"jurisdiction":"OH","law_key":"protected_classes","status":"no_verified_answer","message":"No verified answer. Check the official source.","check_url":"https://civ.ohio.gov/wps/wcm/connect/gov/b4de906c-0a53-48d8-bb4f-8a85c112f8a1/Did+you+know+2023.pdf?MOD=AJPERES&CONVERT_TO=url&CACHEID=ROOTWORKSPACE.Z18_K9I401S01H7F40QBNJU3SO1F56-b4de906c-0a53-48d8-bb4f-8a85c112f8a1-olU7Sck"}],"pay_transparency":[{"jurisdiction":"OH","law_key":"pay_transparency","status":"no_verified_answer","message":"No verified answer. Check the official source.","check_url":"https://www.dol.gov/agencies/whd/state/contacts"}]}},{"state":"OK","name":"Oklahoma","rulebook_url":"https://interobservers.com/desk/states/oklahoma/","topics":{"salary_history":[{"jurisdiction":"OK","law_key":"salary_history","status":"no_verified_answer","message":"No verified answer. Check the official source.","check_url":"https://www.dol.gov/agencies/whd/state/contacts"}],"ban_the_box":[{"jurisdiction":"OK","law_key":"ban_the_box","status":"no_verified_answer","message":"No verified answer. Check the official source.","check_url":"https://www.dol.gov/agencies/whd/state/contacts"}],"protected_classes":[{"jurisdiction":"OK","law_key":"protected_classes","law_name":"Oklahoma Anti-Discrimination Act, 25 O.S. 1302","case":"statewide","rule":"Oklahoma protects against discriminatory employment practices based on race, color, religion, sex, national origin, age, genetic information or disability.","requires":null,"covers":null,"scope":null,"employees_min":null,"effective":null,"classes":["race","color","religion","sex","national origin","age","genetic information","disability"],"no_such_state_law":false,"values":{},"single_source_classes":[],"in_law_words":false,"law":"Tilghman v. Kirby (10th Cir. 2016), No. 16-6010, quoting 25 O.S. 1302","source_label":"25 O.S. 1302 as quoted by 10th Cir., 2016","source_kind":"court","source_url":"https://www.govinfo.gov/content/pkg/USCOURTS-ca10-16-06010/pdf/USCOURTS-ca10-16-06010-0.pdf","source_quote":"See Okla. Stat. tit. 25, § 1302 (protecting against discriminatory employment practices based on “race, color, religion, sex, national origin, age, genetic information or disability”).","second_source_url":"https://www.oklegislature.gov/cf_pdf/2011-12%20ENR/SB/SB837%20ENR.PDF","second_source_quote":"for individuals alleging discrimination in employment on the basis of race, color, national origin, sex, religion, creed, age, disability or genetic information.","verified_at":"2026-09-28","status":"verified"}],"pay_transparency":[{"jurisdiction":"OK","law_key":"pay_transparency","status":"no_verified_answer","message":"No verified answer. Check the official source.","check_url":"https://www.dol.gov/agencies/whd/state/contacts"}]}},{"state":"OR","name":"Oregon","rulebook_url":"https://interobservers.com/desk/states/oregon/","topics":{"salary_history":[{"jurisdiction":"OR","law_key":"salary_history","law_name":"Oregon salary history inquiry ban, ORS 659A.357 (and ORS 652.220)","case":"private_employers","rule":"Oregon employers and prospective employers may not seek the salary history of an applicant or employee from the applicant or employee or from a current or former employer.","requires":"Do not ask the applicant, or a current or former employer, for the applicant's salary history; after making an offer that includes an amount of compensation, the employer may request written authorization to confirm prior compensation.","covers":"Employers and prospective employers in Oregon.","scope":"Employers and prospective employers in Oregon.","employees_min":null,"effective":null,"classes":null,"no_such_state_law":false,"values":{},"single_source_classes":null,"in_law_words":true,"law":"ORS 659A.357","source_label":"ORS 659A.357","source_kind":"statute","source_url":"https://www.oregonlegislature.gov/bills_laws/ors/ors659A.html","source_quote":"It is an unlawful practice under ORS chapter 659A for an employer or prospective employer to seek the salary history of an applicant or employee from the applicant or employee or a current or former employer of the applicant or employee.","second_source_url":"https://www.oregon.gov/boli/workers/Pages/hiring-discrimination.aspx","second_source_quote":"There are restrictions on the kind of questions employers can ask or information they can require you to give. These restrictions apply to an applicant’s salary history, credit history, employment status and (through “ban the box” laws) criminal history.","verified_at":"2026-09-01","status":"verified"}],"ban_the_box":[{"jurisdiction":"OR","law_key":"ban_the_box","law_name":"Oregon ban-the-box law, ORS 659A.360","case":"private_employers","rule":"Oregon employers may not exclude an applicant from an initial interview solely because of a past criminal conviction, which includes requiring disclosure of a conviction on an employment application or before an initial interview.","requires":"Do not require applicants to disclose a criminal conviction on the employment application or before the initial interview (or, if no interview is held, before a conditional offer of employment); conviction history may still be considered in the hiring decision.","covers":"Employers in Oregon, except where a law requires a criminal history review, law enforcement and criminal justice employers, and employers seeking volunteers.","scope":"Employers in Oregon, except where a law requires a criminal history review, law enforcement and criminal justice employers, and employers seeking volunteers.","employees_min":null,"effective":null,"classes":null,"no_such_state_law":false,"values":{},"single_source_classes":null,"in_law_words":true,"law":"ORS 659A.360(1)-(2)","source_label":"ORS 659A.360(1)-(2)","source_kind":"statute","source_url":"https://www.oregonlegislature.gov/bills_laws/ors/ors659A.html","source_quote":"It is an unlawful practice for an employer to exclude an applicant from an initial interview solely because of a past criminal conviction.","second_source_url":"https://www.oregon.gov/boli/workers/Pages/hiring-discrimination.aspx","second_source_quote":"Oregon’s “ban the box” law makes it unlawful for an employer to ask about your criminal history before the interview stage of hiring.","verified_at":"2026-09-01","status":"verified"}],"protected_classes":[{"jurisdiction":"OR","law_key":"protected_classes","law_name":"Oregon unlawful employment practices, ORS 659A.030(1)(a)","case":"statewide","rule":"Oregon employers may not refuse to hire or employ, or bar or discharge, an individual because of race, color, religion, sex, sexual orientation, gender identity, national origin, marital status or age, including those characteristics of a person the individual associates with.","requires":null,"covers":null,"scope":null,"employees_min":null,"effective":null,"classes":["race","color","religion","sex","sexual orientation","gender identity","national origin","marital status","age","disability"],"no_such_state_law":false,"values":{},"single_source_classes":["marital status"],"in_law_words":true,"law":"ORS 659A.030(1)(a) (ORS 2025 edition)","source_label":"ORS 659A.030(1)(a)","source_kind":"statute","source_url":"https://www.oregonlegislature.gov/bills_laws/ors/ors659A.html","source_quote":"or because of the race, color, religion, sex, sexual orientation, gender identity, national origin, marital status or age of any other person with whom the individual associates","second_source_url":"https://www.oregon.gov/boli/workers/Pages/discrimination-at-work.aspx","second_source_quote":"It’s illegal to discriminate against someone because of race, national origin, color, sex, gender identity, sexual orientation, age, religion, physical or mental disability, military status, or marital or family status.","verified_at":"2026-09-01","status":"verified"}],"pay_transparency":[{"jurisdiction":"OR","law_key":"pay_transparency","status":"no_verified_answer","message":"No verified answer. Check the official source.","check_url":"https://www.dol.gov/agencies/whd/state/contacts"}]}},{"state":"PA","name":"Pennsylvania","rulebook_url":"https://interobservers.com/desk/states/pennsylvania/","topics":{"salary_history":[{"jurisdiction":"PA","law_key":"salary_history","status":"no_verified_answer","message":"No verified answer. Check the official source.","check_url":"https://www.dol.gov/agencies/whd/state/contacts"}],"ban_the_box":[{"jurisdiction":"PA","law_key":"ban_the_box","status":"no_verified_answer","message":"No verified answer. Check the official source.","check_url":"https://www.dol.gov/agencies/whd/state/contacts"}],"protected_classes":[{"jurisdiction":"PA","law_key":"protected_classes","status":"no_verified_answer","message":"No verified answer. Check the official source.","check_url":"https://www.pa.gov/agencies/phrc/programs-and-services/employment-discrimination"}],"pay_transparency":[{"jurisdiction":"PA","law_key":"pay_transparency","status":"no_verified_answer","message":"No verified answer. Check the official source.","check_url":"https://www.dol.gov/agencies/whd/state/contacts"}]}},{"state":"RI","name":"Rhode Island","rulebook_url":"https://interobservers.com/desk/states/rhode-island/","topics":{"salary_history":[{"jurisdiction":"RI","law_key":"salary_history","status":"no_verified_answer","message":"No verified answer. Check the official source.","check_url":"https://webserver.rilegislature.gov/Statutes/TITLE28/28-6/28-6-22.htm"}],"ban_the_box":[{"jurisdiction":"RI","law_key":"ban_the_box","status":"no_verified_answer","message":"No verified answer. Check the official source.","check_url":"https://webserver.rilegislature.gov/Statutes/TITLE28/28-5/28-5-7.htm"}],"protected_classes":[{"jurisdiction":"RI","law_key":"protected_classes","status":"no_verified_answer","message":"No verified answer. Check the official source.","check_url":"https://webserver.rilegislature.gov/Statutes/TITLE28/28-5/28-5-7.htm"}],"pay_transparency":[{"jurisdiction":"RI","law_key":"pay_transparency","status":"no_verified_answer","message":"No verified answer. Check the official source.","check_url":"https://webserver.rilegislature.gov/Statutes/TITLE28/28-6/28-6-22.htm"}]}},{"state":"SC","name":"South Carolina","rulebook_url":"https://interobservers.com/desk/states/south-carolina/","topics":{"salary_history":[{"jurisdiction":"SC","law_key":"salary_history","status":"no_verified_answer","message":"No verified answer. Check the official source.","check_url":"https://www.dol.gov/agencies/whd/state/contacts"}],"ban_the_box":[{"jurisdiction":"SC","law_key":"ban_the_box","status":"no_verified_answer","message":"No verified answer. Check the official source.","check_url":"https://www.dol.gov/agencies/whd/state/contacts"}],"protected_classes":[{"jurisdiction":"SC","law_key":"protected_classes","law_name":"South Carolina Human Affairs Law, S.C. Code 1-13-80(A)(1)","case":"statewide","rule":"South Carolina employers may not fail or refuse to hire, bar, discharge or otherwise discriminate against an individual in compensation or terms, conditions or privileges of employment because of race, religion, color, sex, age, national origin or disability.","requires":null,"covers":null,"scope":null,"employees_min":null,"effective":null,"classes":["race","religion","color","sex","age","national origin","disability"],"no_such_state_law":false,"values":{},"single_source_classes":[],"in_law_words":true,"law":"S.C. Code 1-13-80(A)(1)","source_label":"S.C. Code 1-13-80(A)(1)","source_kind":"statute","source_url":"https://www.scstatehouse.gov/code/t01c013.php","source_quote":"to fail or refuse to hire, bar, discharge from employment, or otherwise discriminate against an individual with respect to the individual's compensation or terms, conditions, or privileges of employment because of the individual's race, religion, color, sex, age, national origin, or disability;","second_source_url":"https://schac.sc.gov/employment-discrimination","second_source_quote":"Unfair treatment or harassment because of race, color, religion, sex (including sexual harassment and pregnancy), national origin, age (40 and above), and disability.","verified_at":"2026-08-14","status":"verified"}],"pay_transparency":[{"jurisdiction":"SC","law_key":"pay_transparency","status":"no_verified_answer","message":"No verified answer. Check the official source.","check_url":"https://www.dol.gov/agencies/whd/state/contacts"}]}},{"state":"SD","name":"South Dakota","rulebook_url":"https://interobservers.com/desk/states/south-dakota/","topics":{"salary_history":[{"jurisdiction":"SD","law_key":"salary_history","status":"no_verified_answer","message":"No verified answer. Check the official source.","check_url":"https://www.dol.gov/agencies/whd/state/contacts"}],"ban_the_box":[{"jurisdiction":"SD","law_key":"ban_the_box","status":"no_verified_answer","message":"No verified answer. Check the official source.","check_url":"https://www.dol.gov/agencies/whd/state/contacts"}],"protected_classes":[{"jurisdiction":"SD","law_key":"protected_classes","law_name":"South Dakota Human Relations Act, SDCL 20-13-10","case":"statewide","rule":"In South Dakota it is an unfair or discriminatory practice for any person, because of race, color, creed, religion, sex, ancestry, disability or national origin, to fail or refuse to hire, to discharge, or to treat an employee or applicant unequally in any term or condition of employment.","requires":null,"covers":null,"scope":null,"employees_min":null,"effective":null,"classes":["race","color","creed","religion","sex","ancestry","disability","national origin"],"no_such_state_law":false,"values":{},"single_source_classes":[],"in_law_words":true,"law":"SDCL 20-13-10","source_label":"SDCL 20-13-10","source_kind":"statute","source_url":"https://sdlegislature.gov/api/Statutes/20-13-10.html","source_quote":"It is an unfair or discriminatory practice for any person, because of race, color, creed, religion, sex, ancestry, disability, or national origin, to fail or refuse to hire, to discharge an employee, or to accord adverse or unequal treatment to any person, employee, or intern with respect to application, hiring, training, apprenticeship, tenure, promotion, upgrading, compensation, layoff, or any term or condition of employment.","second_source_url":"https://www.govinfo.gov/content/pkg/USCOURTS-sdd-5_22-mc-00025/pdf/USCOURTS-sdd-5_22-mc-00025-0.pdf","second_source_quote":"The South Dakota Human Relations Act prohibits discrimination in employment on the basis of race, color, creed, religion, sex, ancestry, disability, or national origin. SDCL § 20-13-10.","verified_at":"2026-09-28","status":"verified"}],"pay_transparency":[{"jurisdiction":"SD","law_key":"pay_transparency","status":"no_verified_answer","message":"No verified answer. Check the official source.","check_url":"https://www.dol.gov/agencies/whd/state/contacts"}]}},{"state":"TN","name":"Tennessee","rulebook_url":"https://interobservers.com/desk/states/tennessee/","topics":{"salary_history":[{"jurisdiction":"TN","law_key":"salary_history","status":"no_verified_answer","message":"No verified answer. Check the official source.","check_url":"https://www.dol.gov/agencies/whd/state/contacts"}],"ban_the_box":[{"jurisdiction":"TN","law_key":"ban_the_box","status":"no_verified_answer","message":"No verified answer. Check the official source.","check_url":"https://www.dol.gov/agencies/whd/state/contacts"}],"protected_classes":[{"jurisdiction":"TN","law_key":"protected_classes","status":"no_verified_answer","message":"No verified answer. Check the official source.","check_url":"https://www.dol.gov/agencies/whd/state/contacts"}],"pay_transparency":[{"jurisdiction":"TN","law_key":"pay_transparency","status":"no_verified_answer","message":"No verified answer. Check the official source.","check_url":"https://www.dol.gov/agencies/whd/state/contacts"}]}},{"state":"TX","name":"Texas","rulebook_url":"https://interobservers.com/desk/states/texas/","topics":{"salary_history":[{"jurisdiction":"TX","law_key":"salary_history","status":"no_verified_answer","message":"No verified answer. Check the official source.","check_url":"https://www.dol.gov/agencies/whd/state/contacts"}],"ban_the_box":[{"jurisdiction":"TX","law_key":"ban_the_box","status":"no_verified_answer","message":"No verified answer. Check the official source.","check_url":"https://www.dol.gov/agencies/whd/state/contacts"}],"protected_classes":[{"jurisdiction":"TX","law_key":"protected_classes","law_name":"Texas Labor Code 21.051 (Texas Commission on Human Rights Act)","case":"statewide","rule":"A Texas employer commits an unlawful employment practice if, because of race, color, disability, religion, sex, national origin or age, it fails or refuses to hire, discharges or otherwise discriminates against an individual, or limits, segregates or classifies employees or applicants.","requires":null,"covers":null,"scope":null,"employees_min":null,"effective":null,"classes":["race","color","disability","religion","sex","national origin","age"],"no_such_state_law":false,"values":{},"single_source_classes":[],"in_law_words":true,"law":"Tex. Lab. Code 21.051","source_label":"Tex. Lab. Code 21.051","source_kind":"statute","source_url":"https://statutes.capitol.texas.gov/Docs/LA/htm/LA.21.htm","source_quote":"An employer commits an unlawful employment practice if because of race, color, disability, religion, sex, national origin, or age the employer:","second_source_url":"https://www.govinfo.gov/content/pkg/USCOURTS-txnd-4_24-cv-00559/pdf/USCOURTS-txnd-4_24-cv-00559-0.pdf","second_source_quote":"commits an unlawful employment practice if, because of race, color, disability, religion, sex, national origin, or age, the employer discharges an individual, or discriminates in any other manner against an individual in connection with compensation or the terms, conditions, or privileges of employment.","verified_at":"2026-09-28","status":"verified"}],"pay_transparency":[{"jurisdiction":"TX","law_key":"pay_transparency","status":"no_verified_answer","message":"No verified answer. Check the official source.","check_url":"https://www.dol.gov/agencies/whd/state/contacts"}]}},{"state":"UT","name":"Utah","rulebook_url":"https://interobservers.com/desk/states/utah/","topics":{"salary_history":[{"jurisdiction":"UT","law_key":"salary_history","status":"no_verified_answer","message":"No verified answer. Check the official source.","check_url":"https://www.dol.gov/agencies/whd/state/contacts"}],"ban_the_box":[{"jurisdiction":"UT","law_key":"ban_the_box","status":"no_verified_answer","message":"No verified answer. 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